山茶属（Camellia）开黄花的种类统称为金花茶植物,它们是非常珍贵的种质资源。由于分布区狭小和人为盗挖，我国分布的大多数金花茶植物种已处于濒危状态，加强对金花茶植物的保护迫在眉睫。针对目前金花茶的濒危现状和保护水平，我们拟在详尽的调查和大规模种群取样的基础上，应用叶绿体DNA小单拷贝区域全序列和nrDNA ITS序列，构建金花茶植物系统发育关系；应用叶绿体DNA小单拷贝区域部分片段和2个细胞核单拷贝基因序列开展金花茶植物各个种的遗传多样性和种群遗传结构研究，并分析我国全部金花茶植物的谱系地理分布及谱系系统发育关系。确定保护的基本分类单位和种下保护单元，为我国金花茶植物的保护和利用提供科学依据。

Camellia (Theaceae) species with yellow flowers, known as yellow camellia, are valuable ornamental plants and genetic resources for breeding. Due to the narrow distribution and excessive migration from wild populations, most of the species of yellow camellia in China are in the endangered state. Based on the detailed investigation and large-scale population sampling, we use chloroplast DNA small single copy region sequence and nrDNA ITS sequence to construct their phylogenetic relationship. The genetic diversity, population genetic structure and phylogeography of each yellow Camellia species from China are analyzed by using chloroplast DNA small single copy region sequence and two nuclear single copy gene sequences. It will provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and utilization of these species.