几项现况研究提示高海拔慢性缺氧对高原世居人群认知能力的发展可能有影响且这种影响是可逆或部分可逆的。认知的发展受遗传因素的影响较大。基因的表达可以通过组蛋白修饰，DNA甲基化，非编码RNA调控发生变化。在缺氧性疾病导致的认知功能障碍中发现脑组蛋白乙酰化水平下降，而这种下降可以通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的作用而得到改善。高海拔慢性缺氧还可以导致蛋白质的吸收和利用障碍。而蛋白质在脑发育中起着重要的作用。这种作用可能与支链氨基酸通过影响mTOR信号通路改变脑组蛋白乙酰化水平既而影响相关基因表达有关。本研究旨在通过比较高海拔，海拔下降，相对低海拔，海拔上升四组藏族学生认知能力的变化，揭示高海拔慢性缺氧对藏族青少年认知能力的影响。通过观察认知能力变化与体内必需氨基酸含量以及脑组蛋白乙酰化水平变化之间的关系，为后续干预开辟新的思路。

It has been found in several cross-sectional studies the cognitive development of indigenous highlanders might have been affected by high altitude chronic hypoxia and this effect might be partially or fully reversible. The cognitive abilities are highly affected by genetic factors. And the gene expression could be altered through histone modification，DNA methylation and non-coding RNA. The brain histone acetylation that could be up-regulated by using histone deacetylases inhibitors was found to be down-regulated in cerebral anoxia caused cognitive disorder. The protein absorption and utilization was also found to be affected by high altitude hypoxia. The protein is important nutrients for brain development, because the branched-chain amino acid may regulate the brain histone acetylation related gene expression through mTOR signaling pathway. In the current study we aim to compare cognitive ability changes of Tibetan adolescents living at high altitude, relatively low altitude, moving ascending or descending altitudes and identify the effects of high altitude hypoxia on cognitive ability of Tibetan adolescents. Through observe the association between cognitive ability changes, essential amino acid and brain histone acetylation changes, explore the new approaches of interventions.