白花兜兰(Paphiopedilum emersonii)为兰科(Orchidaceae)兜兰属植物，现存仅有广西木论保护区7个居群约280株及贵州茂兰保护区6个居群约306株,为极小种群野生植物(PSESP)。白花兜兰是兰科中极少数既开白花又具香味的物种，被誉为杂交育种的“明星亲本”，科研和应用价值极高。项目在前期生物学观察和种子萌发研究基础上，深入调查白花兜兰生境因子和居群特征，采用ISSR分子标记研究野生居群及种子繁殖群体的遗传多样性，进而制定最佳取样策略；测定和分析原生状态营养背景及自身光合特征，探索其引种驯化限制因子；优化种子繁育技术，快速扩大种植群体，验证或修正上述研究结果，从而构建合理的引种驯化栽培模式。研究成果将为白花兜兰乃至同属其他植物的保护及利用奠定基础。

Paphiopedilum emersonii，one lithophytic species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae) . There were only 7 population 280 plants in Mulun National Nature Reserve of Guangxi and 6 population 306 plants in Maolan Natural Reserve of Guizhou, respectively. P. emersonii belongs to wild plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP). P. emersonii, with white flower and fragrance, is a kinds of “star parent” for cross breeding. So P. emersonii was famous for its ornamental and scientific research value. In this proposal, based on our biology observation and seed germination, investigate the habitat factors and population characteristics of P. emersonii deeply, and analysis the genetic diversity using ISSR markers, then make out the sampling strategy; Measure and analysis the mineral nutrition background of wild environment and photosynthetic characteristics of plants, discuss the limiting factors of introduction and domestication and build reasonable domesticated cultivation mode. Expand the domesticated group by optimize the seed breeding technology.