植物分子育种为棉花抗病育种提供新途径。棉花黄萎病是影响我国棉花生产的主要病害，其致病菌为大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)。由于棉花黄萎病防治难度大，抗病育种滞后，尤其是在陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)中筛选抗病品种非常困难。课题组前期培育的转齿肋赤藓醛脱氢酶基因(ScALDH21)陆地棉具有显著的黄萎病抗性，尤其在水分匮缺条件下，与野生型棉花比较，其对黄萎病达到高抗水平。本项目拟在水分胁迫和水分充足两种条件下，通过分析棉花根周土壤微生物的种群动态，大丽轮枝菌侵染率、并从代谢水平及基因表达调控水平，阐明转ScALDH21棉花对根周土壤微生物的调节功能，抗病代谢通路以及基因转录表达抗病调控机制，从而揭示ScALDH21基因对棉花黄萎病的抗病作用机制，为我国棉花黄萎病抗病育种提供理论依据和新种质。

Plant molecular breeding is the new way to resistance breeding of cotton Verticillium wilt. Cotton Verticillium wilt is the main diseases affecting cotton production in China, its pathogenic bacteria is Verticillium dahliae. However, the difficult prevention and control of cotton verticillium wilt, disease-resistant breeding lag, especially that very difficult in Gossypium hirsutum. Based on the early stage of the project team, we have breed transgenic aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ScALDH21) Gossypium hirsutum (TC)，whose gene is from Syntrichia caninervis. The TC cotton has significant verticillium wilt resistance. Especially under the water stress condition, verticillium wilt incidence of TC was less than NT (non-transgenic cotton). This project intends to: (1) Analysis the soil microbial population dynamics around the cotton root and Verticillium dahliae pathogenicity; (2) identify plant metabolism and transcriptional regulation difference, under withholding water and water sufficient condition. The result will show lights on adjustment function of transgenic ScALDH21 cotton in soil microbial ecological, and on metabolic and transcriptional regulation pathways of transgenic ScALDH21 cotton. In addition, clarity the verticillium wilt disease-resistant mechanism of transgenic ScALDH21 cotton, and will help to provide new cotton germplasm for polymerization genetic breeding.