同行评议是当前基础研究管理中唯一实用的方法。但随着项目申请数量的增加，基金管理人员工作强度日趋增大。而且由于科学进步和学科间的交叉渗透，申请人和专家对申请代码、个人研究领域和关键词等的描述存在差异，现有的通过申请代码和非共识领域选择同行评议专家的方式已不能满足当前生态学科发展的需要。本项目拟在现行申请代码的基础上，通过学科调研和近十年申请项目信息细化申请代码，提出代码内的主要研究方向，从科学问题、研究对象、研究方法等不同层次挖掘研究方向下的关键词，进而组成学科关键词词库。然后在同行评议专家选择辅助系统中基于申请代码－研究方向－关键词三个级次标记同行评议专家，从而完成生态学科三级标记的同行评议专家选择辅助系统和专家库建设。本项目的执行将为研究方向细化和关键词提炼搭建框架，也为将来全委代码调整提供方案。

Peer review is the only optional approach for management of basic research grants. The NSFC staffs are faced with increasing work load as the number of grant proposals has been increasing during the past years. The current subject code system needs refinement due to the difference in interpreting the subject codes among individual applicants and peer referees. The goals of this project are: (1) to investigate the advances in ecological research during the past ten year and assign major research fields under each subject code in ecology; (2) to set up a ‘keywords’ pool for ecology by carefully examining the research fields through different perspectives including scientific questions, study systems, and research methods; and (3) to build a hierarchical referee assignment systems in which each referee is linked to subject codes, research fields, and keywords. This project will provide a framework for future refinement of research fields and grant keywords, and will also provide an exemplary solution for the future refinement of subject codes in the NSFC systems.

在项目申请数量上升且学科内研究领域日益细化的背景下，建立优化的同行评议专家选择系统非常必要。本项目进行了生态学科的同行评议专家选择辅助系统及专家库的建设。针对生态学领域研究人员进行了大范围调研和意见征询，确定了代码内的主要研究方向，从科学问题、研究对象、研究方法多角度挖掘研究方向下的关键词，进而组成多层次覆盖的关键词词库。然后在同行评议专家选择辅助系统中基于申请代码－研究方向－关键词三个级次标记同行评议专家，完成了生态学科三级标记的同行评议专家选择辅助系统和专家库建设。新的学科代码、研究方向、关键词以及专家库将于2016年开始投入使用。