植物气孔由两个保卫细胞围成。在干旱或盐碱等逆境条件下，脱落酸（ABA)信号通路的组分会介导信号传递，减小气孔开度，来适应环境胁迫。因而，鉴定信号组分对揭示气孔逆境应答机制非常重要。前人已鉴定了拟南芥肾形保卫细胞的信号组分。而小麦等主要农作物的保卫细胞多为哑铃形，在保卫细胞外还有紧密相接的副卫细胞，使得气孔调控更加精确高效，但因二者很难分开，导致分子机理研究受限。本研究前期成功分离出高纯度高生理活性的小麦保卫细胞和表皮长细胞，拟采用单一类型细胞的转录组测序及生物信息学的方法，获得ABA应答基因及在保卫细胞表达的基因，并构建ABA信号组分间的蛋白质互作网络；结合小麦逆境应答数据库和共表达分析，选取保卫细胞表达、ABA应答、多种逆境应答且与气孔相关基因共表达的候选基因；转化小麦，从不同角度分析转基因小麦的气孔功能。本研究有望鉴定出哑铃形保卫细胞特有的信号组分，丰富植物抗逆的理论和实践。

Plant stomate is surrounded by two guard cells. The components of abscic ascid(ABA) signaling pathway will transduce environmental stimuli and eventually decrease stomatal aperture to adapt stress conditions. Therefore, identification of signal components is very important for clarification of the mechanism underlying the stomatal responses to stresses. A series of signal components have been well characterized from kidney-shaped guard cells of Arabidopsis. While most of major cereals, such as wheat, hold dumbbell-shaped guard cells closely adjoined to similar-sized subsidiary cells, which make stomatal control more precise and efficient. But transcriptomic studies on dumbbell-shaped guard cells have stagnated due to extreme difficulties in isolating guard cells from other types of cells. To address this problem, we have successfully isolated highly purified wheat guard cells with high physiological activity. In this study, we will identify guard cell expressed and ABA responsive genes by transcriptomic analysis of single-type cells; in combination of coexpression data and stress responsive data of wheat microarray database, candidate genes which are guard cells preferentially expressed, ABA responsive, coexpressed with stomatal related genes, and various stresses responsive, will be selected for wheat transformation; the analysis of stomatal functions will be carried out using candidate genes overexpressing transgenic wheat. Through this study, specific components of dumbbell-shaped guard cells are expected to be identified and results obtained will enrich the theory and application of plant stress resistance.