氧是机体进行新陈代谢和维持生存的必要因子，环境缺氧将严重影响动物的生存与发展。水体环境以低氧为特征，并呈现出空间、时间和季节性溶氧的波动性。应对低氧环境，鱼类在漫长的进化历程中形成了一整套生理、解剖和行为等方面的适应策略。本项目以极其适应于青藏高原低氧环境的黄河裸裂尻鱼为研究对象，利用RT-PCR、Smart-race PCR和常规PCR克隆珠蛋白超家族成员cDNA、启动子、内含子和侧翼序列，分析各成员的基因结构及分子适应性进化特征；利用免疫组化和多彩荧光原位杂交技术进行珠蛋白超家族成员的组织细胞定位和基因的染色体定位；利用Real-time PCR和Western blotting方法探讨低氧条件下黄河裸裂尻鱼珠蛋白超家族成员的表达调控。深入了解高原土著鱼类在珠蛋白超家族成员的组成、基因结构特征及其分子适应性进化中的独特性，阐述珠蛋白超家族成员在黄河裸裂尻鱼低氧适应中的作用和机制。

Oxygen is an essential factor for organism in term of metabolism and survival. Limitation in availability of oxygen (hypoxia) would severely impact survival and development of animal. The aqueous environments have a low oxygen capacitance and poor oxygen diffusibility, and show spatial, temporal or seasonal changes of oxygen availability. Therefore, most fish species have adapted to these conditions by a variety of physiological, anatomical and behavioral mechanisms that enable them to cope with periods of hypoxia. Schizopygopsis pylzovi, one species of the subfamily Schizothoracinae, is widely distributed in the upper reaches of Yellow River and shows extreme adaptation to high altitude hypoxia of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this project, we will clone the cDNA, promoter, intron and flanking sequences of the globin superfamily members by using of RT-PCR、Smart-race PCR and conventional PCR, and then conduct the analyses of gene structure and molecular adaptive evolution. The localization of globin superfamily members will be investigated with immunohistochemical method, and the genes will be mapped on chromosomes with multicolor in situ hybridization technology. Meantime, we will investigate the gene expression and regulation of globin superfamily members responding to hypoxic environment with Real-time PCR and Western blotting. The aims of this project are to get thorough understanding for the member constitution, gene structure characteristics and molecular adaptive evolution of globin superfamily, and then clarify the function and mechanism of globin superfamily in adaptation of Schizopygopsis pylzovi to high altitude hypoxia of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.