近缘物种中的多次起源问题一直引人关注。基于叶绿体DNA片段的系统发育树表明，华北耧斗菜复合体中的无距耧斗菜可能为多次起源。作为耧斗菜属中唯一的无距种，其与4个有距的种华北耧斗菜、甘肃耧斗菜、直距耧斗菜、细距耧斗菜构成一个单系类群。无距耧斗菜的起源次数和祖先类群尚未得到彻底解决，需要来自核基因的数据才能进一步证实。本项目拟以该复合体为研究对象，选取不同分布地点居群，采用多个叶绿体基因和核基因片段，并进行多个性状的测量，利用分子系统学手段和形态学数据统计分析，探讨：1）复合体内部的谱系关系，无距性状的起源次数和起源类群；2）估算复合体内部的分化时间；3）距长等重要性状在居群内、居群间、物种间的变异式样。由于距的多样性与耧斗菜属的适应性辐射和生殖隔离密切相关，无距性状在该属中具有独特意义。本项目的结果将为深入认识“无距”性状的起源提供重要信息，为后续开展该复合体内的物种形成研究奠定基础。

The multiple origins in closely related species have been attracting a lot of attention in evolutionary researches. There is evidence for the multiple origins of Aquilegia ecalcarata Maxim. from the Aquilegia yabeana complex, according to the phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast DNA. As the only species in the genus who has no spur, A. ecalcarata together with Aquilegia yabeana、A. oxysepala var. kansuensis、A. rockii、A. ecalcarata f. semicalcarata (Schipcz.) Hand-Mazz. comprise a monophyletic group. However, the origin times and ancestor species of A. ecalcarata have not been totally solved, it requires evidence from nuclear gene data to further confirm the results based on chloroplast DNA. Our research plans to sample representative populations from different locations, adopt both chloroplast and nuclear gene fragments as molecular markers, perform morphological measurements, apply molecular systematics and statistical analysis to focus on the following questions: 1) the phylogenetic relationship among Aquilegia yabeana complex, and the ancestor species of A. ecalcarata, how many times A.ecalcarata originated; 2) estimate the divergence time among the species complex; 3) how the key phenotypes vary within populations, between populations and among species. Since the diversity of spur in Aquilegia is closely related to the species divergence and reproductive isolation, “spurless status” has unique significance in the genus. Our research will provide important information for the origin of A. ecalcarata and laid foundation for its speciation and divergence researches in the future.