黑麦6R染色体长臂 (6RL) 携带的小麦白粉病抗性基因目前仍具抗性。创制具良好补偿性的小片段易位系是利用该抗性基因的有效途径，但这一问题尚未解决。在前期自然科学基金的资助下，我们对抗白粉病的小麦‒黑麦6RL微小染色体附加系进行辐射，并从辐射后代中筛选到了抗白粉病的、含6DS/6RL和6DL/6RLʹ小片段易位染色体的易位系16T379-8。本项目将用这一易位系与感白粉病的ph1b突变小麦品种Westonia以及其它多种感白粉病小麦品种杂交，继续创制新型小麦‒黑麦6RL小片段易位系和一批抗白粉病新种质。进而利用ND-FISH、分子标记、MSAP和测序等技术，研究不同小片段易位染色体的结构及其所处的小麦遗传背景的差异，然后结合多个农艺性状考察，筛选具有较好补偿性的抗白粉病小片段易位系。本研究旨在实现6RL抗白粉病基因的成功应用，初步明确小片段易位染色体结构和遗传背景如何影响易位系的补偿性。

The long arm of rye 6R chromosome (6RL) carries resistant gene to wheat powdery mildew, and it is still resistant to many powdery mildew races. An effect way to utilizing this resistant gene is to create small segment translocation lines with good compensation. However, this problem has not been resolved. Supported by the last National Natural Science Foundation, the wheat-rye 6RL minichromosome addition lines were irradiated and wheat-rye small segment translocation line 16T379-8 with powdery mildew resistance was obtained. Line 16T379-8 contains small segment translocation chromosomes 6DS/6RL and 6DL/6RLʹ. In this project, new wheat-rye small segment translocation lines and new wheat germplasms with powdery mildew resistance will be created using line 16T379-8 to cross with ph1b mutant wheat cultivar Westonia and other powdery mildew susceptible wheat cultivars. Wheat cultivar Westonia is also susceptible to powdery mildew. In addition, methods including ND-FISH, molecular marker, MSAP and sequencing will be used to investigate the structure of new small segment translocation chromosomes and the genetic diversity of small segment translocation lines. Furthermore, the multiple agronomic traits of these small segment translocation lines will be investigated to select the ones with good compensation. The aim of this project is trying to use the powdery mildew resistant gene on 6RL to improve wheat cultivars in agricultural practices, to preliminarily reveal how the structure of small segment translocation chromosomes and wheat backgrounds affect the compensation of the translocation lines, and to provide theory references for the creation of wheat-alien small segment translocation lines with good compensation.