油菜是中国重要的油料作物之一，在其生长季节内严重的秋旱和春旱时有发生，导致生长受阻及产量品质显著降低。根系在植物吸收水分与抵御干旱中起着至关重要的作用，根系构型直接影响着植株在土壤中吸收水分的范围，与抗旱性密切相关。但是，目前关于油菜根系构型与抗旱性关系了解甚少。本项目拟选用根系构型具有明显差异的油菜材料，结合根系三维重建、根系二维扫描及根系生长监控等不同方法，在干旱条件下进行幼苗期、苗期和花期根系构型的定量测定，揭示不同材料根系构型的适应性变化和差异分析，同时进行根系内源激素变化和基因表达量分析；阐明油菜根构型与水分吸收利用及抗旱性的关系，提出油菜抗旱的理想根构型及其支撑参数。通过综合分析根系形态、根源激素消长及转录组学测序获得的差异表达基因表达量变化，阐明油菜根系形态建成及其响应干旱胁迫的调控机制。本项目研究结果可为油菜抗旱育种及抗旱栽培奠定理论基础，提供技术支撑。

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops in China. However, drought often occurred in Autumn and Spring during its growing season, which resulted in stunted growth, reduced yield and quality. Root plays an important role in water absorption and drought resistance. Root system architecture directly affects water uptake range in the soil. However, there are few researches on the relationship between root system architecture and drought resistance of rapeseed. In this project, germplasms with differed root system architecture were used. The root system architecture of early seedling stage, seedling stage and flowering stage were determined by 2D scanning, 3D root reconstruction and in situ root monitoring system, respectively. The adaptive changes of root system architecture would be revealed, changes of endogenous hormones and gene expression in root would be analyzed. The relationship between root system architecture and water uptake, drought resistance would be elucidated. Also, ideal root system architecture and its supporting parameters which can improve drought resistance of rapeseed would be proposed. Comprehensive analysis of root morphology, root hormone concentration and differentially expressed genes obtained from transcriptome sequencing would elucidate regulatory mechanism of root morphogenesis and responses to drought stress. The research results of this project could be applied in breeding for drought resistant genotypes, and provide theory basis and technical support for drought resistant cultivation.