副新翅类昆虫是不完全变态类昆虫的最大类群，包括缨翅目、啮虫目、半翅目及虱目等4个目，不少种类如蓟马、蚜虫、介壳虫、粉虱、盲蝽、虱子等害虫，也有紫胶虫、猎蝽、花蝽等益虫，在农林业生产和人类日常生活中起着重要作用。其形态多样，习性复杂。近百年来，该类群高级阶元的系统发育及进化主要是基于比较形态学或是少量基因片段的分子系统学方法推断的，对该类群高级阶元的分类至今仍存在不同的观点。近年来，虽然有些关于该类群线粒体基因组的报道，但不少总科级阶元的相关研究仍属空白。申请者拟利用合作双方在昆虫分类学和线粒体基因组学研究方面的优势，比较系统地测定副新翅类昆虫的线粒体基因组序列，发现其线粒体基因组的多样性，通过生物信息学的方法分析其线粒体基因组的基因重排、RNA二级结构、密码子使用、控制区的结构以及核苷酸组成偏好性等，探讨其基因组结构进化的趋势与机制，构建系统进化树，分析该类群昆虫高级阶元的系统发育关系。

Paraneoptera is the largest superorder in the incomplete metamorphism insects, which includes four orders, Phthiraptera, Thysanoptera, Psocoptera, and Hemiptera. Mostly they are agricultural and medical pests, such as thrips, aphids, scales, whiteflies, mirids, sucking lice and so on. Others are beneficial bugs, such as lac insects, most assassin bugs, anthocorids and so on. These insects play an important role in agriculture, forest and our daily life. The higher phylogeny of this group was reconstructed mainly based on morphological characters or few molecular markers and there are no uniform opinion on the phylogeny and evolution of this superorder during past century. Although some works have been published on the mitochondrial genomes of the Paraneoptera, but there no data on some superfamilies. We try to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of representatives of Paraneoptera systematically, discover the diversity of mitochondrial genomes of the group, analyze the gene rearrangements, secondary structures of RNA, codon usage, structure of control region and nucleotide composition in the mitochondrial genomes known, explore the trends and mechanism of gene structural evolution, reconstruct the higher phylogeny and classification of Paraneoptera.