γδ T细胞具有重要的生物学功能，在肿瘤，炎症和抗感染免疫中起着非常重要的作用。 近年来，研究发现肠道菌群在调控免疫功能和代谢以及炎症反应中起着关键的作用，而这些菌群的数量和种类也受到机体免疫功能的精细调控。 本项目申请者长期从事γδ T细胞生物学功能研究，而美方申请者Richard Flavell 院士是肠道菌群研究的开拓者和该领域的大师，在合作双方具有坚实的工作基础和长期合作的历史之上，将围绕γδ T细胞与肠道菌群之间相互调控这一关键科学问题，重点探讨γδ T细胞如何调控肠道菌群的种类和数量及其分子机制，肠道菌群对γδ T细胞功能分化的调控及其分子机制，以及肠道菌群如何改变γδ T细胞在体内抗肿瘤和炎症中的关键作用进行合作研究。本项目实施将对γδ T细胞生物学功能的认识提高到一个新的高度，为利用肠道菌群改变γδ T细胞功能奠定理论基础，具有十分重要的意义。

γδ T cells have important physiologic functions, and play critical roles in tumor, inflammation and anti-infections. Recently, it has been discovered that intestine microbiota have essential roles in regulating immune function, metabolism and inflammatory responses, and moreover, the numbers and strains of these microbiota are closely regulated by immune functions. The applicant from China has been working on the biological functions of γδ T cells for many years, and the collaborator, Dr. Richard Flavell from USA is a pioneer researcher of microbiota and immune functions. Based on the solid previous findings and long-term collaborations between these two sides, we define the cross-regulation between γδ T cells and microbiota as our scientific question, we will study how γδ T cells control the numbers and strains of intestine microbiota and the underline mechanisms, how microbiota regulate the functional differentiation of γδ T cells, and finally, how microbiota regulate the functional role of γδ T cells in anti-tumor and inflammatory responses. Undertaking this project would be very significant for the better understanding of the biological functions of γδ T cells, as well as providing the basis of altering the functions of γδ T cells using microbiota.