申请者在红鲫（2n=100，♀）×团头鲂（2n=48，♂）的杂交F1代中获得两性可育的异源四倍体鲫鲂（4n=148），并通过自交形成了由4套红鲫染色体构成的同源四倍体鲫鱼品系（F2-F8）。本项目将对鲫鲂F1中异源四倍体鲫鲂产生配子的遗传组成进行分析，揭示远缘杂交过程中同源四倍体鲫鱼的形成机制；对同源四倍体鲫鱼和红鲫的转录组、BAC文库数据进行系统的比较研究，揭示同源四倍体鱼快速二倍体化的分子特征和机制；对同源四倍体鲫鱼、同源三倍体鲫鱼和异源三倍体鲤鱼的优良性状及相关机制进行系统研究。该项在鱼类遗传育种和生物进化方面都具有重要意义。

The bisexual fertile allotetraploid hybrids (4n=148) are obtained in F1 hybrids of red crucian carp (2n=100) (♀) × blunt snout bream (2n=48) (♂). Furthermore, autotetraploid fish line (F2-F8) (4n=200) with four sets of the red crucian carp -derived chromosomes are established by self-crossed of the allotetraploid hybrids. This program aims to (1) analyz the genetic composition of the gametes of the allotetraploid hybrids, and then reveal formation mechanism of the autotetraploid fish in distant hybridization; (2)Compare and analyse transcript data and BAC Libraries of the autotetraploid fish and red crucian carp, and then reveal molecular characteristics and mechanism of rapid diploidization in the autotetraploid fish; (3) excellent characteristics and molecular genetic basis of autotetraploid and allotriploid fish are systematically studied. This program has important significances in both fish genetic breeding and biological evolution.