新疆棉区棉花连作现象十分严重，连作导致棉花产量下降，品质变差，土壤微生物多样性下降，棉花黄萎病和枯萎病等病虫害多发，严重影响了棉农的经济收入，是棉花生产上亟待解决的关键问题之一。生物炭作为新型的环境友好型土壤改良剂被应用于农业生产，特别对于土壤的改良具有突出的效果。本项目研究生物炭处理对新疆连作棉田土壤理化性质、土壤酶、土壤微生物数量、微生物种群结构及碳代谢活性的影响，揭示各项指标时空演替特征及与生物炭处理之间的相互关系，探讨生物炭对棉田土壤微生态的影响及缓解棉花连作障碍的微生物学机制。并通过土壤肥力、棉花产量指标、纤维品质指标，以及黄萎病、枯萎病、棉铃虫等病虫害的测定和调查，探讨生物炭处理与棉株生长发育的相互关系，为新疆棉田土壤的改良及可持续利用提供理论依据。

The phenomenon of cotton continuous cropping is very serious in the cotton area of Xinjiang province. Continuous cropping has resulted in a decline in cotton production, quality and soil microbial diversity. Meanwhile the diseases and insect pests of cotton such as verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt occur commonly and seriously affect the farmers’ income. Continuous cropping has been one of the key issues need to be solved on cotton production. Biochar as a new type of environment friendly soil improvement material is widely used in agricultural production, especially for the improvement of the soil quality. Therefore, the application of biochar to the continuous cropping soil of Xinjiang province was studied. The aim was to reveal the effect of application biochar on soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme, soil microbial quantity, population structure and carbon metabolism activity, which can reveal the relationship between the indexes and the biochar treatments, explore the effect of biochar on soil microbial ecology and the microbiological mechanism of the biochar alleviated cotton continuous cropping obstacle. The relationship between biochar treatments and cotton growth were discussed through the investigation of the soil fertility, cotton yield and fiber quality, verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt and cotton bollworm, which could provide the theoretical basis for alleviating cotton continuous cropping obstacle.