新疆北极茴鱼是一种珍稀名贵的冷水性鱼类，也是我国一种重要的水产种质资源，具有极高的经济开发价值。新疆北极茴鱼目前自然资源面临枯竭，已成为濒危物种，被新疆维吾尔自治区政府确定为Ⅱ类重要水生野生保护动物。当前急需开发大量的微卫星标记以应用于遗传变异分析、遗传多样性现状调查及地理群体遗传分化评价等保护遗传学研究。本研究拟通过构建Illumina 双向测序基因组DNA文库分离新疆北极茴鱼微卫星标记。利用获得的微卫星标记对其自然群体进行遗传多样性和遗传分化评估，获得等位基因数、有效等位基因数、最大等位基因频率、基因型数、观测杂合度、预期杂合度、杂交系数、多态信息含量等系列遗传变异评价指标，分析其群体间的遗传距离、遗传相似度、基因流和遗传分化，构建系统进化树，目的是掌握遗传背景，确定进化显著单元，制定出科学的保护策略，以应用于新疆北极茴鱼自然资源的保护。

Thymallus arcticus grubei is a famous, precious and cold-water fish living in Xinjiang. It is also one of the important aquatic resources with a high value of economic development in our country. We are facing the challenge of natural resource depletion of Thymallus arcticus grubei. Now Thymallus arcticus grubei has become an endangered species. It has also been classified as a wild aquatic animal under class II protection of the government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Therefore, it is needed to develop a large number of microsatellite markers for analysis of genetic variability, investigation of genetic diversity and evaluation of genetic differentiation of different geographical populations at present. In this study, we want to isolate polymorphic microsatellite markers in Thymallus arcticus grubei by constructing Illumina paired-end genomic DNA library. The isolated microsatellite markers will be used in evaluating genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations of Thymallus arcticus grubei. A series of evaluation indexes that applied to genetic variability are expected to obtain including the number of alleles, effective number of alleles, frequency of the most common alleles, number of genotypes, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, polymorphism index content, and so on. At the same time, we also want to analyze the genetic distance, genetic similarity, gene flow and genetic differentiation, and construct dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relationship among the different natural populations of Thymallus arcticus grubei with the objective to understanding of the genetic background, identification of evolutionarily significant unit and preparation of scientific preservation strategy. All of them will be applied to conservation of natural resources of Thymallus arcticus grubei in Xinjiang.