深海异尾类甲壳动物是深海生物区系中物种多样性最高的类群之一，是深海底栖生态系统的重要组成部分，具有很高的生态学、分类学和系统演化研究价值。西太平洋深海地形复杂多样，生态系统多元性高，是世界上深海异尾类物种最为丰富的地区之一。关于西太平洋该类群的报道虽有很多，但由于之前的深海生物采集通常规模较小且偶然强，许多海区的典型深海生态系统，如热液、冷泉、海沟等，其异尾类组成仍未得到充分认知。此外一些深海异尾类代表性种属的系统发育地位也不明确。本项目在样品材料充足的基础上，采用形态学、分子系统学和动物地理学等理论和方法，对西太平洋部分典型深海生态系统中的异尾类进行分类学和系统演化研究，发现和记录新的物种，总结各典型深海生态系统中异尾类的种属构成和区系特点，理清种属之间的亲缘关系，探讨其起源和演化机制。研究结果将服务于深海生物资源的开发和保护，也为进一步的海洋科学和生命科学研究提供基础资料。

Deep sea anomurans (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) are among the groups of highest biodiversity in benthic fauna. They are playing a significant role in the deep-sea benthic ecosystem, considerably valuable for ecology, phylogenetics and biodiversity research. Anomurans are widely distributed in the West Pacific deep waters in great abundance, where the bottom topography is complicated and the benthic ecosystems are highly diverse. Though hundreds of anomuran species in the deep West Pacific were reported, the anomuran fauna of many typical deep-sea ecosystems, e.g. hydrothermal vents, cold seeps and trenches, are poorly known, because the previous investigations there were simple and the collections were not plentiful. On the other hand, the phylogenetic relationships among some genera/species of deep-sea anomurans remain unclear. The present project, based on adequate specimens, is to carry on a detailed study of taxonomy and phylogeny of anomurans in several typical deep-sea ecosystems of West Pacific, in hope of discovering new species, generalizing the species-genus construction and faunistic characters of each special ecosystem, revealing the phylogenetic relationships among the families/genera, and finally exploring the origination and evolutionary development of the deep-sea anumuran fauna. Morphological, molecular biological and biogeographic methods will be adopted in this project. The results of this study will provide basic informations for the exploitation and conservation of deep-sea biological resources, and further promote the oceanological and biological researches.