溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种慢性炎症性肠病，由于该病发病率逐年增加，发病机制尚未完全阐明，又缺乏有效的治疗药物，故探究其发病机制及寻找有效防治药物一直是研究热点。miR-146a是目前已知研究较为深入的与炎症反应密切相关的一种miRNA，与UC的有着相当的联系，但两者之间的因果关系及关键因素靶点仍不明确，肠道微生态失调是目前已知的与UC有着密切关联的重要因素，miR-146a通过对机体炎症免疫的影响而调控肠道微生态失调，可能是UC的发生机制，而以miR-146a对肠道微生态的调控来探索UC的发病机理，目前国内外尚未见有相关报道。安肠汤是课题组临床应用和研究20余年治疗UC的中药复方，临床疗效佳。本课题通过建立 UC 大鼠模型，以microRNA对肠道微生态变化的调控为切入点，进而探索UC发病机制，观察安肠汤对UC大鼠肠道微生态的干预作用，揭示其防治UC的作用靶点。

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, because the disease incidence increased year by year, the pathogenesis is not fully understood, and the lack of effective treatment, so explore the pathogenesis and find the effective drug intervention and treatment has been a research hotspots. miR-146a is now known more in-depth study of a miRNA and closely related with inflammation, have considerable contact with UC, but the causal relationship between the target and the key factors remains unclear, gut microflora imbalance is an important factor currently known closely associated with UC, intestinal microflora imbalance caused by miR-146a effects on the body's inflammatory and immune may be the mechanism of UC, and via miR-146a effects on the intestinal microflora regulation to explore the pathogenesis of UC, at home and abroad have not been reported. Anchang decoction is more than 20 years of clinical application and research of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of UC, has been shown with good clinical effect. This topic through the establishment of UC rat models to microRNA regulation of intestinal microflora change as the starting point, then explore the pathogenesis of UC, observe the intervention of anchang decoction on UC intestinal microflora and reveal its treatment of UC targets.