对于野生动植物的驯化和改良是农业发展中最为重要的活动，人工选择在驯化和改良中起到关键作用。全基因组水平研究驯化和改良中的遗传变异，对于揭示人工选择下家养动植物适应人工环境的遗传机制具有重要意义。在生物体内，根据遗传物质功能的不同，可以将其分为基因、miRNA、长非编码RNA等不同功能单元。并且根据表达模式、表达水平、重复状态等，各个功能单元还可进一步具体分为不同类型。然而，目前对于驯化和改良中遗传变异的研究主要停留在功能基因层面，并且集中在对重要农艺性状的解析。关于miRNA和LncRNA，以及不同类型功能单元在驯化改良过程中的进化规律还未见报道。本研究拟以大豆为研究材料，系统开展大豆驯化改良中不同功能单元微进化规律的研究，解析不同类型的基因、miRNA和LncRNA在驯化和改良中受到的人工选择及其影响因素，以期为阐明多倍化基因组在驯化改良中的微进化规律奠定重要理论基础。

Domestication was one of the most important events during the development of agriculture. In the concept of biology, domestication is a process of genetic modification of wild species into cultivated species by increasing adaptations to meet human needs. During the domestication, only limited numbers of the best lines are used for breeding of the next generation. Therefore, artificial selection played important role in driving the micro-evolution during crop domestication and improvement. Several of these domestication-relevant genes have been isolated through quantitative trait locus fine-mapping. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, powerful genomic approaches have been used to screen for selective sweeps or genes at a genome-wide level. Thus far, large numbers of genes undergoing selection during plant domestication have been identified from different species. However, except for the protein coding genes, non-coding genes also have also been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating agronomically important traits in crops. Nevertheless, a genome-wide dissection of the selection of non-coding genes during crop domestication has not been achieved. In this study, we will investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in protein coding genes and in non-coding genes, such as miRNA and LncRNA using our previously reported 302 re-sequenced soybean accessions. At the same time, we will investigate the selection of these functional elements at transcriptional level through RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, LncRNA-seq and methylation-seq. By comprehensive comparison the differential evolution patterns of different functional elements and the factors that influencing their evolution, we will reveal the micro-evolution mechanism of polyploidy soybean genome during domestication and improvement.