家养动物的驯化是人类演化历史上的重大事件。驯化是一种微进化，人工选择是其第一推动力。家犬的驯化历程相对清晰，是研究人工选择和微进化的最佳模式动物之一。本项目计划对来自中东、北非、北极地区的家犬和灰狼，以及来自澳大利亚的野狗进行全基因组测序并计算得到全基因组变异频谱。利用群体基因组学和进化基因组学的方法，1）比较家犬基因组和灰狼基因组的差异以探讨人工选择作用下家犬适应人工环境的遗传机制；2）比较家犬和澳洲野狗的基因组差异以探讨人工选择压力放松后家犬基因组的变化，进而另一方向研究人工选择作用下基因组变异的规律；3）比较不同家犬群体受选择基因的差异以探讨家犬适应不同人工环境的遗传机制。综合以上三个方面阐明人工选择的基因组基础、微进化的作用力、和多基因协同共进化机制与网络调控的分子机制及其进化意义。

Animal domestication is one of the most important events in human evolution history. It was prerequisite to the rise of civilization. Domestication is a class of microevolution and the artificial selection is the primary impetus. Domestic dog is an excellent organism model to decipher microevolution because of its clear demographic history. In this proposal, we will sequence the whole genomes of indigenous dogs and wolves from Middle East, North Africa, and Arctic, and Australia dingos, respectively. Through the approaches of population genomics and the evolutionary genomics, we will: 1) scan the genomic difference between wolves and dogs to decipher the genetic basis of adapting domestic environment by artificial selection; 2) scan the genomic difference between dingos and dogs to figure out the fingerprint when losing artificial selection; 3) scan the genomic difference between different dog populations under different artificial selection. Finally, the proposal will reveal the genomic basis of artificial selection, the power of the microevolution, and the co-evolution of pathway or network.