中文摘要
近视防控不仅是社会关注热点,也是儿少卫生学科重点研究课题。近年来国内外研究和课题组前期工作发现,缺乏户外活动可能是近视发生发展的一个潜在诱因,但不同户外活动模式在近视进程中的作用及其因果关系需要前瞻性队列研究加以阐明,遗传易感因素与户外活动模式交互作用的影响尚待揭示。本研究在建立中国儿童户外活动模式评定方法的基础上,对2所9年一贯制学校学生建立队列,动态评价儿童户外活动模式,定期进行视力检查和屈光检测及眼生物学参数测量。应用队列基线调查结果,采用病例对照研究设计,分析不同户外活动模式、体内维生素D水平及其相关基因多态性与儿童现患近视的关系;在队列随访过程中采用巢氏病例对照研究设计,探讨户外活动模式与维生素D相关基因多态性的交互作用对新发近视的影响。两种设计的病例对照研究结果相互印证,可望揭示特定类型的户外活动模式与维生素D相关基因多态性的交互作用在近视发生发展中的病因学意义。
英文摘要
Prevention and control of myopia is an increasing concern by the whole society, and it is also an important research field in child and adolescent health. It is found that lack of outdoor activities is a potential cause of school myopia. However, possible causal relationships between outdoor activities pattern and myopia onset and progression remains unknown, which might only be explained through a prospective cohort study. And also, interaction between genetic vulnerability and pattern of outdoor activities is still unclear. Based on establishment of outdoor activities pattern assessment in Chinese children, this study plans to set up a student cohort in 2 nine-year system schools. Regular eye examination including visual acuity, refraction and biological measurement is conducted. A case-control design is adopted to analyze the association of outdoor activities pattern, blood levels of vitamin D, vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms and school myopia. During the follow-up study, a nested case-control method is designed to analyze the interactions between patterns of outdoor activities and vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms on new cases of school myopia. Results from two types of case-control design would confirm each other to reveal possible etiological significance of interactions between specific patterns of outdoor activities and vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms on myopia onset and progression.
结题摘要
近视防控不仅是全社会关注的热点,也是儿少卫生学科的重点研究课题。近年来国内外研究和课题组前期工作发现,缺乏户外活动可能是近视发生发展的一个潜在诱因,但不同户外活动模式在近视进程中的作用及其因果关系需要前瞻性队列研究加以阐明,遗传易感因素与户外活动模式交互作用的影响尚待揭示。本研究在建立中国儿童户外活动模式评定方法的基础上,采用病例对照研究设计和巢氏病例对照研究设计相互结合的方法分析不同户外活动模式、维生素D水平及其相关基因多态性与儿童现患近视的关系。经过多轮调查和修改,本研究编制的《儿童户外活动模式评定问卷》分为4个维度,包括24个条目。通过心理统计学分析,该问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为儿童户外活动模式的评价工具。本研究结果显示,阳光接触性的户外活动模式可显著降低重度近视的现患率(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.14-0.89)。相对于血清25-(OH)D水平≥15 ng/ml学生,血清25-(OH)D水平≤10 ng/ml学生,近视发生的可能性增大1.88(95%CI:1.17-3.02)倍,而重度近视发生的可能性增大4.09(95%CI:1.4-11.92)倍。rs7975232的基因型频率在重度近视组和对照组间的分布具有显著差异,在控制混杂因素后AC杂交组相对于CC野生组重度近视的发生风险显著增加(OR=2.83,95%CI:1.01-7.93);显性模型中,AC+AA组相对于CC组重度近视的发生风险也显著增加(OR=3.00,95%CI:1.13-7.95)。交互作用的分析结果显示,低阳光接触性户外活动和VitD缺乏同时存在时,重度近视的发病风险增大为4.13(95%CI:1.07-16.05)倍,显著高于低阳光接触性户外活动和VitD缺乏的单独作用。由于本队列中随访到的54例新发病例均为轻度近视,巢氏病例对照研究结果无统计学关联,提示户外活动模式、 VitD水平及其相关基因多态性可能与重度近视相关。本研究结果阐明了阳光接触性的户外活动模式及VitD缺乏与重度近视存在关联且存在交互作用。
