儿童作为弱势群体，是非故意伤害的高危人群。研究发现太原学龄儿童非故意伤害发生率为49.1%，其中15.7%儿童存在非故意伤害倾向。非故意伤害倾性指在一年之内发生三次或三次以上各种类型非故意伤害。在影响非故意伤害发生的因素中有些因素如：父母教养方式、儿童气质行为特点等可以通过干预而改善。父母教养方式可影响儿童气质行为特点的形成，而儿童气质行为特点又是影响儿童非故意伤害发生的因素之一，是否存在父母教养方式通过影响儿童气质行为特点进而影响儿童非故意伤害发生的心理机制，目前尚不清楚。本次研究针对非故意伤害高危人群展开，以影响非故意伤害发生的父母教养方式、宿主自身心理特点等可干预因素为切入点，进一步验证父母教养方式是否能够影响儿童非故意伤害倾向的发生，同时采用结构方程模型分析父母教养方式、儿童非故意伤害倾向和心理因素相互关系，探讨父母教养方式对儿童非故意伤害倾向影响的心理机制。为个性化干预提供依据。

Children，as a disadvantaged group, are high-risk groups of the unintentional injuries. In the previous studies, we have found that school-age children unintentional injury incidence was 49.07% in Taiyuan city, reaching the national average. And about 15.7% of children have the unintentional injury proneness. Unintentional injury proneness refers that a person gets three times in a year or more than three times various types of unintentional injuries in a year. In the influence factors of unintentional injuries among some factors such as parental rearing patterns, children's temperament behavior characteristics can be improved by intervention. Parental rearing patterns affect children's temperament behavior characteristics. It was one of the factors which effect on children's unintentional injury. It is not clear whether the parental rearing patterns can affect children's unintentional injury by effect on children's temperament characteristics. . This study will be proceed in the unintentional injury proneness children. It takes parental rearing patterns and children's temperament behavior characteristics which factors can be intervened as the breakthrough point. To verify that whether the parental rearing patterns can affect children's unintentional injury proneness. Analyze the relationship among unintentional injury proneness, parental rearing pattern and children's temperament behavior characteristics by the structural equation model. To explore the psychological mechanism that parental rearing patterns affect unintentional injury tendency. To provide theoretical basis for the personalized intervention in the high risk group..

非故意伤害是导致所有年龄段儿童高发病率和死亡率的重大公共卫生问题。据2013年全球疾病负担研究报道，全球有260万名1～14岁儿童由于非故意伤害而死亡。伤害倾向是指一定时期内特定环境下，具有潜在诱发事故的心理、生理素质特征，这种特征使儿童易发生伤害。本次研究对太原市8-12岁学龄儿童进行有关伤害发生情况、父母教养方式、儿童气质特点的调查，同时进行神经行为的测试，以验证父母教养方式对儿童伤害发生及伤害倾向的影响，分析儿童非故意伤害倾向、父母教养方式和心理因素相互关系，探讨父母教养方式对非故意伤害倾向影响的心理机制。研究结果：（1）过去一年中学龄儿童非故意伤害人数发生率为23.1%；非故意伤害人次发生率为32.7%；3.8%的儿童具有非故意伤害倾向。（2）母亲过分干涉过度保护(OR=1.605)、母亲惩罚严厉(OR=1.563)是儿童非故意伤害的危险因素；父亲惩罚严厉(OR=1.911)、父亲过度干涉(OR=1.796)是儿童伤害倾向的危险因素。（3）气质维度中的坚持性(OR=1.476)是伤害倾向发生的危险因素。（4）父母教养方式与儿童气质类型对非故意伤害发生频次有交互作用(F＝170.525, P<0.001)，当教养方式为专制型时，相对于易养型气质类型，难养型、中间偏易养型是非故意伤害倾向的保护因素(B=-116.611, -119.204, P<0.05)。教养方式为不一致型时，相对于易养型气质类型，中间偏易养型(B=-246.178, P=0.001)是非故意伤害倾向的保护因素；启动缓慢型(B= 212.175,P<0.001)是非故意伤害倾向的危险因素。（5）经结构方程模型(SEM)分别分析父母教养方式在气质与非故意伤害倾向之间的中介作用，其中母亲教养方式的中介效应占总效应的35.06%，父亲教养方式的中介效应占总效应的35.93%。（6）神经行为测试中数字跨度总得分较低(OR=0.957)是儿童发生非故意伤害的危险因素；儿童性别与父母教养方式对儿童数字跨度总得分有交互作用(F=2.603, P=0.034)。本次研究发现丰富了儿童非故意伤害预防工作的理论依据，也为儿童伤害预防的个性化干预提供了依据。揭示了父母教养方式在气质特点影响儿童伤害发生及伤害倾向中的中介作用，进一步完善了影响儿童伤害发生的心理学机制，为今后的深入研究提供了理论参考。