中文摘要
新城疫(ND)是由新城疫病毒(NDV)引起的对世界养禽业危害极为严重的一种烈性传染病。鸽I型副粘病毒(PPMV-1)是鸡新城疫病毒的一种变异株。当前世界上流行的优势基因型是基因Ⅶd亚型,但是鸽群中所分离的NDV绝大多数属于基因Ⅵb亚型,基因Ⅵb亚型NDV主要在鸽体内分离到,与其它基因型毒株相比,鸽源Ⅵb亚型NDV具有明显的宿主感染偏嗜性。本研究为深入了解基因Ⅵb亚型NDV对鸽偏嗜性的分子机理,先通过反向遗传技术拯救出基因Ⅵb亚型NDV WX/10/07/Pi,然后以此为骨架将基因Ⅶ型强毒株I4和基因Ⅱ型弱毒株LaSota的HN基因分别替换到该骨架中并拯救出相关重组嵌合病毒,通过评价骨架病毒和重组病毒对鸽成纤维细胞、鸽胚和雏鸽的病毒复制、临床病理学特征和宿主组织细胞定位等生物学试验结果,以重点阐明HN蛋白与病毒毒力及组织嗜性之间的关系,为阐明基因Ⅵ型NDV的宿主特嗜性奠定基础。
英文摘要
Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious avian disease with worldwide distribution that can cause substantial economic losses and remains a major threat to the poultry industry of all countries, the aetiological agent of the disease is Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is a variant of Newcastle disease virus. Subgenotype Ⅶd NDV is dominant in many countries in Asia and Africa. However, epidemiology studies demonstrated that most pigeon-originated NDV isolates belong to subgenotype Ⅵb. In addition, subgenotype Ⅵb NDV strains are usually isolated from pigeons rather than other avian species. Compared with other genotype strains, subgenotype Ⅵb NDV strains have specific host tropism to pigeon. To evaluate the molecular mechanism in specific host tropism of subgenotype Ⅵb Newcastle disease virus, the wild-type NDV strain WX/10/07/Pi were rescue using reverse genetics, the vector backbone was used to produce two chimeras coding for the HN protein of the more virulent genotype VII strain I4 and lentogenic genotype II strain Lasota, respectively. Subsequently, we compared host responses in pigeon embryo fibroblasts (PEF), pigeon embryo and squab infected with these three viruses. To compare the pathogenicity of the rescued viruses rNDV/Pi-Lhn and rNDV/Pi-Ihn with that of the wild-type NDV strain rNDV/Pi, we then evaluated the virus replication, clinicopathology and cellular localization infected with the three viruses. Our experiment will provide insights into the mechanism of specific viral tropism of subgenotype VIb NDV to pigeons.
结题摘要
诸多流行病学数据表明基因Ⅵ型NDV对鸽具有明显的宿主特嗜性,然而相关的信息相对匮乏。因次,本研究以反向遗传技术拯救的基因Ⅵ型NDV为骨架,替换与组织嗜性相关的HN基因,从细胞和易感动物水平分析鸽源NDV宿主特嗜性的分子机制。 1 鸽源新城疫病毒的感染性分子克隆构建与病毒拯救 参照GenBank上公布的WX/10/07/Pi株基因组全序列设计8对引物,RT-PCR扩增目的片段依次亚克隆至TVT7/R(0.0)转录载体,构建出含基因组全长cDNA的转录载体pTVT/Pi。将其与ZJ1来源三个辅助表达质粒共转染BSR-T7/5细胞,60h后将转染细胞及其上清接种鸡胚,收集鸡胚尿囊液进行HA与HI试验。结果显示死亡鸡胚尿囊液HA为7log2,并能被ND阳性血清所抑制,表明WX/10/07/Pi已成功拯救(rNDV/Pi)。 2 鸽源新城疫重组嵌合病毒的构建及拯救 通过分子克隆方法,将LaSota和I4的HN基因分别替换到pNDV/Pi骨架中,获得的重组转录载体分别与辅助表达质粒共转染后获得拯救病毒rNDV/Pi-Lhn和rNDV/Pi-Ihn。毒力数值表明三株病毒均属于中等毒力毒株,生长动力曲线结果表明rNDV/Pi-Ihn病毒滴稍微高于骨架病毒rNDV/Pi,rNDV/Pi-Lhn的生长动力稍缓慢且病毒滴度均小于骨架病毒rNDV/Pi。 3 不同毒力HN基因的替换对重组嵌合病毒生物学特性造成的影响 拯救毒株感染雏鸽后均引起发病,其临床症状的严重程度与HN基因来源的亲本毒株的毒力具有一定的正相关性。虽然各试验组鸽喉头排毒率在同一时间段(感染早期)相当,但是毒力最强的rNDV/Pi-Ihn试验组鸽的喉头排毒时间最长。rNDV/Pi感染鸽后导致泄殖腔排毒时间最长(感染中后期)且病毒检出率最高,而rNDV/Pi-Ihn和rNDV/Pi-Lhn试验鸽的泄殖腔排毒时间明显缩短。泄殖腔排毒时间远长于喉头排毒时间,有助于鸽新城疫疾病的传播。rNDV/Pi 和rNDV/Pi-Ihn试验组组织病毒检出率相当,rNDV/Pi-Lhn试验组的组织中病毒检出率相对最低。 试验结果表明基因Ⅵ型NDV感染宿主的特嗜性与HN蛋白具有一定的关系,该结果初步为控制鸽新城疫提供理论和技术基础。
