本项目旨在基于外部形态特征和DNA序列研究四突跳小蜂亚科的的系统发育，探讨该亚科内族、属间的进化关系。四突跳小蜂亚科是一大类具有重要应用价值的天敌资源。他们主要寄生昆虫纲半翅目的蚧虫，也是在蚧虫生物防治中利用最为成功的寄生蜂类群之一。然而，四突跳小蜂亚科的族、属间的系统关系至今尚不清楚；不同学者在族的划分上仍有较大分歧。项目计划通过对代表属种的外部形态特征演化分析，建立可用于系统发育研究的形态特征矩阵。同时，对代表属种的新鲜标本，进行DNA提取并获取他们的18S和28S核基因，以及线粒体COI、COII等基因的序列，结合形态和分子序列构建其系统发育树，分析四突跳小蜂亚科的的系统发育，探讨该亚科内族、属间的进化关系。该研究不仅为建立该亚科合理的分类系统提供依据，也为继续探讨该亚科与寄主的协同进化打下基础；同时该研究也为该亚科的种类在农林业生产中，特别是生物防治中的应用提供理论上的指导。

The aim of this project is to infer the phylogeny of the subfamily Tetracneminae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), by anlyzing the morphological characters, the nucleotide sequences of 18S, 28S and the mitochondrial gene sequences of COI, COII, etc. Tetracneminae is an economically important group of parasitoids attacking a broad range of host insects, mainly scale insects of Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae (Hemiptera). So far, we know little about the relationships of the tribes and the status of many genera is still in debate, which impeded deep systematic study of taxonomy; Morevoer, the monophyly of Tetracneminae is still a problem. In order to test how much the current classification follows the phylogenetic relationships. We choose representative species of this subfamily, to reconstruct their phylogentic trees based on matrix of morphological data and DNA sequnce data. This study will greatly enhance our understuding of the systematics of Tetracneminae, which will promote studies in their cophylogenetic relationshiop with the hosts. In practice, this study will provide theoratical knowedge about their use in biological control of insect pests.