物种形成及适应性进化的研究是进化生物学领域研究热点，物种的适应性进化是其本身产生可遗传的变异来适应生存环境的过程。狼广阔的分布范围和复杂的生境类型表明其对生存环境超强的适应能力。本项目拟从狼对不同生境的适应共性与高原适应特性两个维度对狼适应性进化背后的分子机制进行解读。通过采集狼和家犬新鲜血液组织，应用RNA-Seq测序和生物信息学方法对血液转录组进行分析，构建二者免疫信号通路，评估免疫相关基因的表达情况，以期从免疫学角度揭示狼对复杂环境的适应能力；通过狼和家犬血液转录组的比较分析探究家养驯化对家犬免疫系统及免疫基因进化和表达的影响，揭示野生动物与人类共患疾病的演生和爆发机制，进而提出可供参考的防治对策。另外通过对高、低海拔地区狼的组织、器官间转录组的比较分析，检测两个类群间的差异表达基因，通过基因注释探究两个类群间的功能差异，并尝试从基因表达的角度揭示藏狼的高原适应机制。

The study of speciation and adaptive evolution has been a hot spot in the field of evolutionary biology. The adaptive evolution is the process of active genetic variation in species themselves in response to the environment. The wide distribution and complex habitat types of wolves indicate that they have strong ability to adapt to the survival environment. This project intends to analyze the molecular mechanism of adaptive evolution of wolves to the plateau environment and the commonness of different habitats. We plan to analyze wolves and dogs’ blood transcriptome, build their immune signaling pathways and evaluate their immune related genes’ expression through the method of RNA-Seq sequencing and bioinformatics. Firstly, we will try to reveal the wolves’ ability to adapt to the complex environment from the perspective of immunology. Secondly, we will explore the effect of domestication on the immune system and the immune genetic evolution of dogs and discuss the generation and outbreak mechanism of the common disease between wild animals and human beings with the comparison analysis of wolves and dogs’ blood transcriptome. Some prophylactico-therapeutic measures for this kind of disease will be supplied after these studies. Finally, the comparative analysis of tissues and organs’ transcriptome between wolves from high altitudes and that from low altitudes will be carried out. The differentially expressed genes between these two groups will be detected. And then, we attempt to explore the differences of these genes’ function through gene annotation and investigate the plateau adaptation mechanism of the Tibetan wolf in the aspect of gene expression.