中文摘要
Kv1.3通道被鉴定为治疗自身免疫疾病的特异性新靶点,其阻断剂治疗自身免疫疾病应用前景广阔。名贵草药龙血竭能够调节机体免疫反应,其总黄酮可以改善1型糖尿病等自身免疫实验动物症状。课题组前期研究初步鉴定Kv1.3通道是龙血竭的新型受体,龙血竭总黄酮是阻断Kv1.3通道的主要活性部位,黄酮类单体龙血素B对Kv1.3通道表现出较强的阻断活性,龙血素B的乙酰化产物阻断Kv1.3通道电流时达到纳摩尔半数有效浓度。本课题拟系统分离纯化龙血竭总黄酮各单体,检测它们对Kv1.3通道的阻断作用,阐明构效关系和选择性,结合计算机辅助设计发现高效并具有较高选择性的Kv1.3通道阻断剂,通过细胞和动物实验阐明龙血竭黄酮类活性单体及其衍生物对自身免疫疾病的治疗作用。开展本课题研究,一方面有助于阐明龙血竭治疗自身免疫疾病的分子机制,同时为发现治疗自身免疫疾病的先导化合物提供理论基础。
英文摘要
Kv1.3 channel has been recently identified as a novel-specific molecular target for autoimmune diseases and the Kv1.3 blockers are becoming a class of promising leading drugs for treating autoimmune diseases with a bright future. Sanguis draxonis is a precious herb capable of regulating immune responses, and its total flavonoids were found to be able to ameliorate autoimmune diseases in animal models, including the type 1 diabetes. Our pilot studies show that Sanguis draxonis acts through inhibiting Kv1.3, and its total flavonoids, including the essential component Loureirin B, are the active ingredients of Sanguis draxonis to block Kv1.3. Compared to Loureirin B, its acetylation product possesses a much stronger inhibitory effect on Kv1.3 with a nanomolar half inhibitory concentration. This project aims to identify all the active components of the total flavonoids in sanguis draxonis that block the Kv1.3 channel. We also aim to elucidate the structure activity relationships and selectivity of individual flavonoid in order to produce high efficient and selective Kv1.3 blockers using computer aided design. Finally, we will evaluate the therapeutic effects of active sanguis draxonis components and derivatives on autoimmune diseases using cell and animal models. Our proposed studies will be critical to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Sanguis draxonis on autoimmune diseases, and will also provide a theoretical basis for developing lead compounds for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
结题摘要
研究表明细胞膜上Kv1.3通道过高表达会使效应记忆性T淋巴细胞(TEM)异常激活与增殖,进而引起多种自身免疫性疾病的发生。基因敲除Kv1.3通道或对其进行药理学阻断,则TEM细胞的激活与增殖被抑制,自身免疫性模型动物的病情也会得到有效改善。因此,Kv1.3通道被认为是治疗自身免疫性疾病的新靶点,开发选择性Kv1.3通道阻断剂用于自身免疫性疾病的治疗是当今的研究热点。传统中草药龙血竭能够通过抑制补体替代免疫反应和经典免疫反应来抑制T细胞的激活与增殖,从而发挥免疫抑制作用。龙血素B对T细胞Kv1.3通道的直接阻断作用部分阐释了它们免疫抑制作用的分子和细胞机制。由于龙血素B是龙血竭阻断Kv1.3通道的重要活性单体,本项目对龙血素B进行结构修饰并辅以全细胞膜片钳实验活性测定,以期获得活性更强的龙血素B衍生物。结果表明,龙血素B酚羟基乙酰化的产物(简称ES)对Kv1.3通道的半数有效抑制浓度更小,其值为2.1±0.39μM。本课题也研究了ES对Kv1.1和Kv1.2通道电流的作用,发现ES对它们的阻断作用相对较弱,表明ES对Kv1.3通道具有较好的选择性。既然ES对Kv1.3通道具有较强的阻断作用,提示其可能对自身免疫性疾病产生治疗作用。为此,本课题采用SD大鼠自身的脑脊髓匀浆对其进行免疫接种,成功构建了实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠模型,以行为学评分为指标,评估ES对EAE大鼠的治疗作用。结果显示ES降低了EAE大鼠的行为学评分,能有效缓解模型动物的病情,从实验动物水平揭示了ES对自身免疫性疾病的潜在治疗作用。本课题从分子、细胞和整体动物水平揭示了Kv1.3通道介导了龙血竭的免疫抑制作用。今后,我们会进一步优化龙血素B的结构,以期得到对Kv1.3通道阻断作用更强和选择性更好的衍生物。另一方面,我们还会采用形态学及免疫学指标检测ES对EAE大鼠的治疗效果,从而进一步验证ES对自身免疫性疾病的治疗作用。
