染色体工程是拓宽栽培小麦遗传基础的重要途径之一。研究发现荆州黑麦染色体2R高抗小麦白粉病和黄花叶病，具有高蛋白含量和籽粒硬度等基因，初步构建了包含88个分子标记和13个区段的物理图谱，选育出19个稳定的结构变异体。本申请拟首先利用19个2R变异体，区段定位抗黄花叶病、高蛋白含量和籽粒硬度等基因；以包含目标基因的易位系为材料，利用我们最新建立的诱致方法与电离辐射结合，诱致系列更小片段易位系；利用选育的端二体附加系对2RS和2RL进行流式细胞分拣、扩增，高通量测序获得基因组序列，利用这些序列和已获得的转录组序列，开发新的2R分子标记特别是差异表达基因标记和寡核苷酸标记，对小片段易位进行准确鉴定；利用系列小片段易位系进行精细物理作图和目标基因定位，开发用于辅助选择的分子标记；通过标记辅助选择进行回交转育，选育小麦新种质并了解相关基因的表达特点及其遗传效应。

Chromosome engineering is an important approach for broadening genetic basis of cultivated wheat. Our previous study allocated powdery mildew resistance gene, wheat yellow mosaic virus resistance gene, high protein content and hardness genes on chromosome 2R of Chinese rye Jingzhouheimai, developed 19 stable aberrations involving 2R and a physical map containing 88 markers and 13 blocks, and the powdery mildew resistance gene PmJZHM2RL was mapped to block 2RS-7. Based on these findings, this project will first further phenotype the available aberrations and allocate the genes for resistance to WYMV, high protein and hardness to corresponding blocks of 2R. Then using the aberrations involving genes of interest, more small segmental translocations will be induced using both irradiation and zebularine which is a new method we developed. Using the ditelosomic addition lines DtA2RS and DtA2RL, 2RS and 2RL will be sorted and sequenced, genes and repeat sequences will be analyzed and used for developing more molecular and cytological markers specific for 2R together with the transcriptome sequences already obtained. These markers will be used to characterize the induced small segmental translocations, and develop a high resolution map of 2R. Combination with phenotyping of these translocations, the genes will be fine mapped and new germplasms with relative genes in same wheat backgrounds will be developed and used for understanding the genetic effect of these genes.