麦长管蚜常年严重危害小麦和大麦生产，它在不同作物自然选择下易产生生物型分化是关键原因。为减轻其危害和高效培育抗蚜品种，急需弄清小麦和大麦上麦长管蚜生物型分化及其发生机制。因此，本项目将筛选大麦和小麦品种以区分麦长管蚜生物型，通过生活史和行为学测定、分子检测和转录组比较等手段来阐明该蚜虫在小麦和大麦上生物型分化的生态学和分子基础。预期将确定麦长管蚜生物型类别和组成，发展其生物型鉴定的新系统和分子手段；明确不同小麦和大麦品系上其生活史、寄主偏好、取食行为和遗传分化，弄清其生物型分化的生态学和遗传变异基础；查明麦长管蚜不同生物型中取食相关蛋白和基因表达差异及其与该虫生物型分化的关系。本研究不仅有助于揭示蚜虫生物型分化的机制和分子基础、挖掘抗蚜新资源和弄清植物抗蚜机制，而且能为抗蚜育种、弄清蚜虫生物型演化规律、深化蚜虫成灾机理研究及发展麦蚜调控新手段打下基础，对保障我国粮食生产安全也意义重大。

Sitobion avenae (Fab.) has been causing huge losses to wheat and barley production, and its differentiation into biotypes under the selection of host plants is the key reason. In order to reduce its damage and effectively breed for aphid resistance in crops, there is an urgent need to clarify S. avenae’s differentiation into biotypes on both crops and its mechanisms. Therefore, barley and wheat cultivars will be screened to identify S. avenae biotypes, its life-history and feeding behaviors will be compared, and its microsatellites and transcriptomes will be analyzed in this project for determining the status, and ecological and molecular mechanisms of its differentiation into biotypes on both crops. We expect to clarify the occurrence of different S. avenae biotypes, and develop new system and methods of identifying them. It is expected that this aphid’s life-history, feeding behaviors and genetic divergence on different cultivars will be determined to clarify the ecological and genetic bases of its differentiation into biotypes. We expect to find important proteins involved in the feeding of different S. avenae biotypes, differences in gene expression during feeding of these biotypes will be determined, and the relationship between these proteins and this aphid’s differentiation into biotypes will be analyzed. The research has significant implications in determining the molecular basis and mechanisms of aphids’ differentiation into biotypes, identifying new aphid-resistant materials for breeding programs, and clarifying the mechanisms of aphid resistance in crops. The results will provide a basis for breeding for aphid resistance in cereal crops, deepening the research of biotype evolution and outbreak mechanisms in aphids, and developing new control means for aphids. This research is also important for maintaining food security in our country.