埃博拉出血热是埃博拉病毒感染的风险最高的传染病之一。2014年埃博拉出血热疫情在西非暴发，成为有史以来最大的一次埃博拉疫情，提示可能存在病毒传播特性的改变。本课题根据重大项目针对埃博拉出血热防治的重大需求，主要围绕埃博拉病原学研究，进行包括埃博拉病毒基因组变异和遗传进化规律、病毒的入侵、复制和装配机理、病毒微复制子及反向遗传系统的建立极其相关研究和埃博拉病毒病原检测的新策略研究四个方面研究，拟解决埃博拉病毒的基因变异规律极其潜在风险，是否可能发生病毒逃逸，人群免疫力低下而造成病毒持续在人群中传播、埃博拉病毒进入细胞，脱壳、病毒复制、装配和成熟释放的可视化过程、了解非编码区功能、复制过程中的关键蛋白，埃博拉病毒缺陷株构建及其意义，以及解决病毒检测过程现场简单易行的快速诊断方法问题和疫区病人的多重诊断等科学问题。本课题将由中国疾控中心病毒病所、武汉大学及浙江大学医学院附属一院共同完成。

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF) is a complex zoonosis caused by ebolaviruses that is associated with extremely high case-fatality rates in humans. The largest recorded outbreak of EHF in West Africa, outside of its previously reported and predicted niche，indicated that the previous paradigm for Ebola outbreaks may shift. In accordance with the requirements of the Mega Program for the prevention and control of EHF, this project will be focused on four areas of Ebola virus, including genetic mutations and evolution; virus entry, replication and assembly; minireplicon and reverse genetic system; and novel viral pathogen detection diagnostics. Which allow us to characterize the underlying mechanism of virus genetic evolution and its potential risks on the patterns of viral transmission; the possibilities virus persistence in humans due to incomplete immune or immune escape; the visible process of Ebola virus entry, uncoating, replication, assembly, maturation and budding; the function of the un-transcription region of Ebola viral genome, and the crucial proteins in virus replication. Replication-defective virion will also be constructed and evaluated. Diagnostics for field application and laboratory differentiation will also be established for point of care diagnosis and rapid laboratory differentiation. This project is implemented and cooperated by Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Medical College of Wuhan University, the first affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, work breakdown structure will be built and task contract will be signed and issued to guarantee the implementation of this project.