物种识别和个体识别是动物最重要的认知能力之一，是求偶/择偶决策的基础，更是繁殖与生存的保证。前人针对物种/个体识别的识别结果和识别线索进行了大量研究，但识别的动态过程及神经机制均不清楚，因此尚不能完整揭示物种/个体识别的本质。不同于其它脊椎动物基于多模信号，绝大多数蛙类的物种/个体识别几乎完全依赖声音通讯；声音信号也便于分析和操纵。因此，本项目以仙琴蛙为模型，结合行为实验、事件相关电位和复杂脑网络等技术，以“动态和网络”的思路研究物种/个体识别的动态过程及神经机制。基于既往研究，我们提出如下假设：①物种/个体识别是对信息感知、分析、辨别和分类的动态过程，该过程伴随着大脑活动（基因表达和神经信息等）的动态变化；②物种识别和个体识别既有共享的、又有特异性的参与网络和神经机制。本项目的实施将阐明物种/个体识别的动态特征及潜在的神经机制，对探讨大脑功能、性选择和物种进化具有重要的科学意义。

Species and individual recognition are one of the most important cognitive abilities and essential for decision-making in courtship and mate choice, thereby enabling survival and reproductive success. Although many studies have explored the results of recognition and the nature of the cues used by animals for species and individual recognition, we still know little about the properties of dynamic processes and the underlying neural mechanisms, so we still cannot understand the essence of these recognition completely. Different from other vertebrates relying on multimode signals, species and individual recognition in frogs rely almost entirely on vocal communications. As it is easy to manipulate and analyze the acoustical signals, the Emei music frog (Babina daunchina) is used as an animal model in the present project. The dynamic processes and the underlying neural mechanisms of species and individual recognition will be explored entirely by event-related potential (ERP) and complex brain networks with behavioral experiments in frogs. Based on previous studies, we propose the following hypotheses: 1) Species and individual recognition are dynamic processes in which animals perceive, analyze, discriminate and classify related information, associating with dynamic brain activities (gene expression and neural information); 2) There are similar but different brain networks and neural mechanisms involved in species and individual recognition. This project may help us to understand the essences and the underlying neural mechanisms of species and individual recognition, and has vital scientific importance for exploring brain functions, sexual selection and the evolution of species.