多糖为中药的主要功效成分之一，其活性与多糖特定结构单元有关。研究多糖活性单元可明确其作用机制和构效关系，实现基于活性结构特征的质量控制。目前，多糖活性单元研究主要采用部分酸水解、传统分离和结构表征结合效应分析，但酸水解方法选择性低、重复性差。此外，传统的多糖分离纯化和结构表征步骤繁琐，工作量大、耗时，在分离纯化过程中活性片段容易丢失。“糖谱法”是申请人课题组率先提出的一种基于结构特征的多糖定性、定量分析方法，本项目以猴头菇多糖为例，采用“糖谱法”结合色谱分离在线抗氧化活性检测及巨噬细胞特异亲和萃取研究猴头菇多糖抗氧化和免疫促进活性片段，并结合多元质谱技术和聚糖结构MS数据库解析其结构特征，阐明猴头菇多糖抗氧化及免疫促进优势活性单元化学特征及其构效关系，实现基于活性结构特征的猴头菇多糖质量控制，为探索糖谱法在中药多糖研究中的应用提供范例。

Polysaccharides are one of active fractions of Chinese medicines. Their effects are dependent on their active moiety. Therefore, study on active moiety of polysaccharides is helpful to understand their action mechanism and structure-effect relationship. Finally, quality control of polysaccharides based on chemical characters of their active moiety could be performed. Up to date, the conventional approach for finding active moiety of polysaccharides is the combination of partial acid hydrolysis, chromatographic separation, chemical characterization and bioassay. Unfortunately, acid hydrolysis suffers from low selectivity and poor repeatability. In addition, chromatographic methods for separation and purification, as well as chemical characterization of polysaccharides are complex, tedious, and time comsuming. Especially, active fragment is easily lost during the separation. Saccharide mapping is a novel method for structure-related qualitative and quantitative analysis of polysaccharides proposed by applicant. This project is aim to discover active moieties of polysaccharides with antioxidant and immunopotentiation activities, Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus)-derived polysaccharides is selected as an example, using saccharide mapping combined with chromatographic separation coupled with online antioxidant activity assay and macrophages biospecific affinity extraction. Chemical characters of active moiety will be elucidated based on their multiple MS analysis and glycans datebases, and quality control of Lion’s Mane polysaccharides will be completed based on their bioactivity related chemical characters. This study will set up a good example for exploring the application of saccharide mapping in the research of polysaccharides from Chinese medicines.