印度块菌复合群（Tuber indicum complex）的物种具有很高的食用价值，是我国近年来出口的主要野生食用菌之一。已有文献和申请者前期对该复合群的遗传学研究均发现其下存在多个系统发育分支，但其物种组成、地理分布和成种机制尚不清楚。本项目以在中国西南地区广泛分布的印度块菌复合群为研究对象，选择多个基因（ITS、LSU、EF1α、RPB2和β-tubulin）对前期积累的476份标本和项目实施中补点采集的标本进行测序，应用多基因谱系一致法物种识别手段，结合形态特征、地理分布和共生树种信息对其下的物种进行识别。通过对多种数据的联合分析，确定该复合群内系统发育物种间的亲缘关系，揭示其物种多样性（包含形态种、系统发育种和隐形种），推算物种分化时间，探讨物种的地理分布格局及成因。研究结果有望为块菌野生资源的保护和持续利用提供科学理论依据。

The species of Tuber indicum species complex have high culinary value and become one of the most exported Chinese wild fungi in recent years. Former documentation and the applicant’s studies on populational genetics have shown there areseveral potential phylogenetic clades in the complex, but the real number of phylogenetic species,geographical distribution pattern, and the speciation mechnisms and processes are unclear. Using Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) and data on the geographical distribution and symbiotic host trees as well, the project aims to recognize phylogenetic species with the comples. Multiple loci (ITS, LSU, EF1α, RPB2, β-tubulin) will be sequenced for 476 samples obtained in the former studies and those to be collected during the project. Based on analyses of the combined dataset (DNA, morphology, host trees, distribution), the potential hidden species diversity will be discovered, the relationships and limits between species will be determined, the divergence time will be estimated and possible speciation process will be investigated. The outcome of the study will be expected to provide scientific basis of protection and sustainable use for the natural resources of wild truffles.