企鹅珍珠贝是一种大型珍珠贝类，具有培育大型圆形游离珍珠的潜力，但目前遇到插核后死亡率高、留核率低和优珠率低等的问题，严重地制约了养殖业的发展。本项目认为企鹅珍珠贝的足丝发达导致的插核核位偏小是其主要原因；因此，本项目拟以足丝缺失或微细为育种目标，构建企鹅珍珠贝的遗传育种体系，通过遗传改良扩大核位：首先，以企鹅珍珠贝群体中足丝缺失或微细的个体建立基础群体；第二，通过巢式交配设计建立第 1 代家系，分别应用限制性最大似然法（REML 法）和最佳线性无偏估计法（BLUP 法）分析足丝性状和生长性状的遗传参数（遗传力等）和估算育种值；第三，通过微卫星标记对家系进行谱系鉴定，分析各家系的遗传多样性和家系间的遗传距离；第四，家系选育的插核效果和育珠效果验证；最后，根据家系和个体各种遗传参数和育种值估算，构建企鹅珍珠贝育种体系，为培育出足丝缺失或微细的、用于生产大型珍珠的企鹅珍珠贝新品种奠定基础。

Winged pearl oyster, Pteria penguin, is a large pearl oyster that has the potential for the cultivation of large round pearls. However at present the problems of high mortality after implantation, low retention rate and low proportion of high-quality pearls have severely curbed the development of Pteria penguin industry. We think that the above problems might be attributed to relatively small size of the nucleus space caused by oyster’s strong byssus. Therefore the present study aims to breed byssusless winged oysters, to establish its breeding system and to enlarge the nuclues space through genetic improvement. First of all, the pearl oysters with byssus absence or minuteness will be used as the base population; secondly, nested matching design will be applied to establish the first generation family and the genetic parameters (heritability, etc.) and breeding values will be estimated will be estimated by means of REML and BLUP, as well. Thirdly, micrsatellite markers will be used to analyze the genetic lineage of families, their diversity and distance. Fourthly, the effects of family selection and pearl production will be tested. Finally, according to the genetic parameters and breeding values, the efficient and scientific breeding system of winged oyster will be established, their genetic development will be improved and the pearl oysters with byssus absence or minuteness fit for the production of large and high-quality round pearls will be developed. Fourthly, the genetic diversity of different families will be analyzed by micrsatellite markers. Fifthly, by means of truncation selection in the same intensity, we will compare the selection effect, realized heritability and genetic gain of progenies produced from different populations. Finally, the line which exhibits the largest genetic gain will be selected as a breeding system.