毛蚜亚科是半翅目蚜科的重要类群，是经济树木和主要作物的重要害虫，该亚科物种多样性没有系统描述，亚科内部的系统发育关系至今也没有得到诠释；亚科内2个族，毛蚜族和伪毛蚜族分别取食木本植物和草本植物。因此摸清该亚科的物种组成，重建内部的系统发育关系，探讨该亚科物种与其寄主植物之间的演化关系等，对蚜虫物种分化及蚜虫类害虫形成机制研究具有重要意义。本项目将发现并描述我国毛蚜亚科物种多样性；选取该亚科所有族和属的代表物种及多个外群，利用来自细胞核、线粒体和蚜虫内共生菌的3个基因组的9个基因数据，整合蚜虫形态性状和生活习性等全证据，阐明该亚科各类群间的系统发育关系；基于系统关系框架，结合生物地理、地质气候历史等数据整合性研究，解析该类群与其寄主植物之间的演化历史，为探讨植食性昆虫与植物协同进化、物种形成机制、生物地理演化及蚜虫类害虫进化机制等相关领域的后续科学研究提供范例，而且将丰富生物适应进化理论。

Chaitophorinae is an important subfamily in Aphididae, Hemiptera, because many species are pests of forestry and agriculture. Chaitophorinae is an indispensable part of model on reconstructing phylogeny of aphid, but the species diversity and the plylogeny of the subfamily were not studied in its entirety. Two tribes, Chaitophorini and Siphini belong in this subfamily. They have some special characteristics both in morphology and life cycle. The monophyly of the subfamily is supported by both molecular and morphological data. But only the monophyly of Siphini and the relationship of the genera in this tribe are settled. The relationships between the two tribes and among genera of Chaitophorini are still puzzles. The host plants of two tribes are quite different, as Chaitophorini feeding on ligneous and Siphini feeding on herbaceous plants. Whether the species feeding on crops and herbages are relatively developed ones? This question is still discussed among the aphid researchers. This proposal is to solve these problems in Chaitophorinae by finding and describing the species diversity, reconstructing the phylogenetic trees and revealing the relationships between the Chaitophorinae species and their host plants based on the macroscopical and microcosmic data. The representative species of all the genera and the tribes in the subfamily will be selected as the samples here. There are 9 genes from 3 genomes used as molecular markers, EF-1α, LWO, CD, 18S rDNA from nuclear genome, COI, COII, Cytb from mitochondrial genome and 16S rDNA, gnd from genome of primary bacterial symbiont of aphid. The analysis of combined molecular and morphological characteristics will suggest the phylogenetic relationships in Chaitophorinae. After combined analysis of the total-evidence database, such as host plants, life cycles, fossils, Paleoclimate, Paleogeology, etc., the relationships between Chaitophorinae and its host plants will be revealed in the phylogenetic trees. The results of this proposal will also be valuable in aphid speciation and mechanism research of pests.