茭白黑粉菌寄生菰草并引起其茎上部产生膨大的结构，称为“茭白”，是一种独特的水生蔬菜。有时茭白中产生黑色的冬孢子，称为“灰茭”。真菌以菌丝体形式随着无性繁殖体在其体内长期存活，在茭白中真菌丧失了产孢能力，而在灰茭中虽然产生冬孢子，但其已丧失了接种体功能。接种体功能丧失的现象在黑粉菌中是非常独特的，其分子机制在真菌适应性演化中具有重大理论价值。同时，接种体功能丧失也限制了通过改良黑粉菌应用于茭白植物育种的途径。前期的基因组、转录组和交配型基因研究，已经显示茭白黑粉菌接种体功能丧失是涉及交配型基因的变异。因此，本项目拟通过克隆茭白黑粉菌交配型相关基因，以及结合基因组和转录组分析，揭示交配型相关基因的序列变异及其适应性演化的特征；从其它黑粉菌中克隆交配型的同源基因，通过基因重组技术，重建接种体功能，从而揭示接种体功能丧失的分子机制，探索其应用于茭白育种的可行性，并为茭白育种提供科学的理论依

Ustilago esculenta parasitizes Zizania latifolia and results in swelling of the upper parts of the Z. latifolia culm, which are called jiaobai. The jiaobai is an edible, uniquely aquatic vegetable. U. eculenta survives in the long term as mycelia in the asexual propagules of its host, its teleospore-producing ability loses jiaobai and it produces teliospores in huijiao but the function of teliospores as inoculations also loses in huijiao. Loss-of-function teleospore is very unique in Ustilago and its molecular mechanism has important theoretical value in fungal adaptive evolution. At the same time, Loss-of-function inoculum also limits pathway of Z. latifolia breeding through the improvement of fungus. The preliminary studies on genome, transcriptome and mating type genes cloning had demonstrated that inoculum function loss was related to the mating type gene mutation. Therefore, the aim of this project is to reveal the mating type genes sequence variation and its characteristics of adaptive evolution by combination of analysis of genome and transcriptome of U. esculenta and its mating type genes cloning, to clone the mating type homologous genes from other Ustilago species and reconstruct inoculum functions by gene recombination technology, clarifying molecular mechanisms of inoculum function loss and providing the scientific theory basis for the feasibility of its application in jiaobai breeding.