空气污染物包括多种成分，其中粒径在微米、亚微米级别的颗粒物对人体有较大危害，多项研究证实空气颗粒物暴露对儿童多个功能有影响。本课题拟开展污染物暴露相关标识物和神经功能评价相关标志物分析方法研究，进而可同时监测空气颗粒物的成分和颗粒物暴露标志物水平以及评价儿童神经功能。首先，研制纳米纤维空气采样膜，并对材料进行表征和性能考察，建立空气颗粒采样和成分分析方法；然后，针对人体呼吸气体、唾液、尿液中暴露标志物和神经活性相关标志物开展分析方法研究；其次，选定污染程度高、低不同区域，以学龄前儿童为受试人群，检测其污染暴露、体内各生物标志物水平，同时收集社会环境和行为调查信息；最后将检测数据与心理行为数据进行统计分析，考察空气颗粒物损害儿童神经系统功能的量-效关系，建立相应的综合效应评价方法。

Air pollutants include a variety of ingredients, among them, particular matters at micro- and sub - micron meter scale damages human health severely. Existing studies have verified the negative effects of the particles on children's multiple functions. For evaluation of neural injury induced by particulate matters exposure in children, first, our research group will carry out several researches for determination of particular matters, i.e. preparation of functional nanofibers, investigation of their composition, morphology and the appearance chemical characteristics on the performance of the fibers, development of methods for sampling and analysis of air particular matters. Then we will research on the determination of biomarkers of effect induced by air pollution and biomarkers related to neural functional activity. In order to assess the exposure to air pollution, children residing in high-exposure and low-exposure area are to be recruited. Then their noninvasive biological samples (breathing gases, saliva, and urine) are to be collected and analyzed by proposed methods. Meanwhile, the participants will also take several mental tests and behavioral questionnaires. Finally, the detection data and the mental test data are analyzed to discuss the relationship between biomarkers and children's neural function and to develop the methods for assessment of effects of air particular matters on neural injury in children.