冠心病和缺血性脑卒中已经成为威胁我国人群生命和健康的两种重要的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病。尽管这两种疾病的一些危险因素已经得到证实，并在此基础上构建了个体心血管病风险预测模型；但是这些模型的预测能力仍然有限，且高质量的证据多来自西方发达国家人群。本项目以中国慢性病前瞻性研究（CKB）项目这个全球少有的超大型前瞻性队列为基础，继续开展长期的死亡和发病监测及定期的随访调查，描述我国不同类型地区、不同特征人群中冠心病和缺血性脑卒中及其主要危险因素的长期变化趋势；开展前瞻性队列设计的病因研究，分析传统明确的以及新关注但尚不明确的生物学、行为、心理、社会等危险因素及特殊暴露对我国人群中冠心病和缺血性脑卒中发生风险的独立作用和复杂的交互作用。在此基础上，为构建适用于中国人群的心血管病风险预测模型、及时更新疾病防治指南、制定国家防治策略与措施提供中国人群本土高质量的病因学证据，支持循证决策。

Coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke have become two major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases that threaten the health of the population in China. Although a number of risk factors have been identified, based on which predictive models for individuals’ cardiovascular risk have been established, the predictive capability of these models is still limited, and high-quality evidence is obtained mostly in populations of Western developed countries. The proposed research is based on the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), an extremely large-scale prospective cohort study which is unique in the world. The aims of the proposed study include continuing a long-term surveillance of morbidity and mortality and periodic, repeated follow-up surveys in order to describe the secular trends of longitudinal changes in morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke and their major risk factors in regions and populations with different characteristics, analyzing independent effect and complex interactive effect of various traditional-known and novel-unknown biological, behavioral, psychological and sociological risk factors and adverse environmental exposures on the disease risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke of Chinese population. The findings of the proposed research will provide high-quality etiological evidence and support for evidence-based decision-making for constructing predictive models for cardiovascular disease that are suitable for Chinese population, timely updating prevention and treatment guidelines, and developing nation-wide preventive strategies and measures.