巨噬细胞是机体内重要的吞噬和抗原提呈细胞，可极化为M1 和M2 两种表型，对免疫性疾病的发生、发展与治疗具重要意义。本项研究首次以中药多糖为研究对象，构建源于M1/M2巨噬细胞的新型免疫极化亲和色谱，并用于中药多糖免疫活性成分的筛选。主要内容包括：研制M1/M2巨噬细胞膜受体免疫极化色谱固定相，评价其表面特征、生物活性与稳定性；研究新型免疫极化色谱的保留特性及影响因素，考察其色谱保留重现性；分别运用M1、M2 型免疫极化亲和色谱确定中药多糖的活性部位，筛选活性单体成分；通过观测膜表面分子表达和免疫因子水平，比较评判多糖的免疫活性高低及极化特性（免疫促进/免疫抑制）；研究多糖色谱保留行为与多糖结构性质、免疫活性高低、极化调节特性之间的相关关系；考察色谱保留多糖的体内免疫活性，并籍此评价新型亲和色谱的筛选效能。本项研究可为生物大分子免疫活性成分筛选与极化类型研判提供新的共性平台。

Macrophages are a type of antigen-presenting cells that engulf foreign substances in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages can be polarized into two distinct phenotypes, including M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages, which are of great significance towards understanding the occurrence, development and treatment of diseases. Selecting polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as the object of study, this project constructs a novel immuno-polarized affinity chromatography (IPAC) derived from M1/M2 polarized macrophages for the first time, which will then be used to screen the immunoreactive polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine. The main contents of this project include the following points: construction of membrine receptor-based chromatographic stationary phase from M1/M2 polarized macrophages and characterization of its surface features, bioactivities and stability; investigation of IPAC-specific retention characteristics and peak area repeatability as well as the influencing factors; employing M1 and M2 polarized macrophages-based IPAC to identify the active ingredients of TCM polysaccharides and further screen the active monomers; evaluation of the immunoreactivity of polysaccharides and their specific immunoreactions (promoting/suppressing inflammation) via examining the expression of membrane surface molecules and immune factors; exploration of the correlations between the chromatographic retention behavior of polysaccharides and their structural properties, immunoreactivity and regulation of macrophage polarization; investigation of the in vivo immunological competence of the polysaccharides retained by the chromatographic columns, whereby to estimate the screening efficiency of this new type of IPAC. This project may provide a common platform for screening the immunoreactive ingredients like biological macromolecules and evaluating the polarization of macrophages.