矽肺发生发展是矽尘引起多种细胞藉由信号传递而相互作用的调控过程，以往主要研究活性分子为信号介导的矽肺效应细胞间通讯，但机制、关键靶点尚未彻底探明。外泌体在细胞间信号传递中的作用日益受到重视，推测矽肺过程中很可能存在外泌体miRNA介导的细胞间信号传递和调控效应。拟从细胞培养提取、鉴定外泌体入手，构建实验性矽肺小鼠模型，结合人群流行病学调查，采用荧光标记、基因沉默、高通量芯片测序、流式细胞术、透射电子显微镜等技术，系统研究巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、成纤维细胞及T淋巴细胞来源外泌体miRNA的生物学特性及其在矽肺发生发展中细胞间通讯的参与程度、活性效应、调控路径，深入探索其对机体二氧化硅粉尘应答、炎性反应、基因表达、免疫调节，尤其是细胞转分化、纤维化等过程的影响，深化对矽肺发生发展机制的认识，探讨潜在的生物标志和关键靶点，为进一步研制尘肺监测与早期发现的有效指标及干预措施提供新的思路和理论依据。

The occurrence and development of silicosis is a regulatory process induced by silica dust via signaling transmission and interaction among a variety of cells, previous studies mainly focused on the intercellular communication among different corresponding cells induced by active molecules, but the mechanism and key targets have not yet been fully proved. The role of exosome in the intercellular communication has drawn more and more attention, which emerged an important role of exosomal miRNA in intercellular signaling transmission and regulation. This study was designed from the aspect of isolation and identification of exosomes ,which were excreted by cultured cells, to establish an experimental silicosis mice model, combined with population epidemiological survey, using fluorescent labeling, gene silencing, high-throughput chip sequencing, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and other techniques to systematically study the biological characteristics of exosomal miRNAs of macrophages, dendritic cells, fibroblasts and T lymphocytes on the degree of participation, activity effects and regulatory pathways in the development of silicosis, and further to explore its impact on the mechanism of silicosis response, inflammatory response, gene expression, immune regulation, especially cell transdifferentiation, fibrosis and other processes, to deepen understanding the development mechanism of silicosis, to explore potential biomarkers and key targets for further monitoring and early detection of silicosis and provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the illustration of silicosis mechanisms.