新疆棉花产量已超过我国棉花总产的60%以上，充分挖掘新疆资源优势潜力，大面积提高棉花单产确保总产，对保障我国棉花安全和可持续生产具有重要意义。棉花蕾、铃是产量和纤维品质形成的基础，在适宜的密度下，如何提高单位面积蕾数、铃数，是进一步提高棉花产量的主要途径。因主茎不同节位叶、蕾、铃的生长存在严格时间顺序及内在复杂的物质分配及转运关系，有关“叶-蕾”和“叶-铃”时空分布及其内在关系的研究较少，相关增铃调控指标和技术尚不明确。本项目拟系统观察超高产棉花群体现蕾、结铃的动态变化，以揭示其蕾、铃形成过程及时空分布规律；探明主茎各节上的蕾、铃数与开花结铃期间群体结构、各节上的叶片形态、光合特性以及物质积累和运转等的相互关系；探寻有效的增铃途径，确定相关群体形态和生理调控指标和调控技术，为新疆棉花实现大面积超高产提供理论依据。

Xinjiang produces 60% of the total cotton yields in China. Developing resource advanage potentials and increasing large-scale cotton yields in Xinjiang are crucial to protect the safe and sustainable production of cotton. Cotton buds and bolls contribute to fiber quality. Cotton output is usually increased by increasing the number of buds and bolls per unit area. The growths of leaves, buds, and bolls at different stem nodes follow a strict time order and demostrate complicated intrinsic substance allocation and transportations. However, few studied analyzed the space-time distribution and intrinsic relationships of “leaf-bud”and “leaf-boll”. In addition, regulation indices and technologies to increase boll number remain unavailable. This study aimed to observe the dynamic changes during the collective bud and boll formation of ultra-high-yield cotton. It also aimed to elucidate the formation and time-space distribution pattern of bud and bolls. The correlation of the number of buds and bolls at different stem nodes with group structure during flowering and bolling stages, leaf morphology of different nodes, photosynthetic characteristics, and substance accumulation and transportation was discussed. Regulation indices and technologies to increase boll number were also explored. This study may serve as a theoretical basis for realizing the large-scale unltra-high yield of cotton in Xinjiang.