有限灌溉水资源的高效利用是新疆棉花生产的首要目标。我们前期研究发现，棉花有限滴灌条件下，根系活力可在旱后复水1~2 d 产生补偿效应，增强了水肥吸收能力，在不显著降低产量的基础上，提高了水分利用效率。然而，旱后复水棉花根系补偿效应形成及调控机制尚缺乏深入研究。本项目以挖掘棉花遗传及生理潜力为出发点，以旱后复水根系补偿效应为切入点，研究不同滴灌模式下根系形态、生理和结构特征及其与根系吸水、导水特性的关系，阐明棉花有限滴灌高产下根系高效供水补偿效应的形成机制，揭示根系生长及其分布对物质分配和水分利用效率影响的生理机理，提出实现棉花高产和水分高效利用的根系在不同生育时期的量化指标及调控途径，为干旱区棉花高产节水栽培技术体系的制定及抗旱品种的选育提供理论依据和生理指标。

The primary purpose of cotton production is the efficient use of limited irrigation water resources in Xinjiang. Our previous study indicated that cotton root activity could induce the compensation effect after re-watering within 1-2 days under limited drip irrigation conditions resulting in increased water use efficiency without sacrificing seed cotton yield. However, the formation regarding regulation mechanisms of cotton root compensation effect of water deficit stress and re-watering condition is still unknown. Exploring the genetic and physiological potential of cotton varieties as the starting point, starting from the study of the compensation effect of root system during water stress and re-watering, we investigated cotton root morphological, physiological and structural characteristics and their relationship with characteristics of water uptake and conductivity by root system under different drip irrigation modes. In addition, to clarify the mechanisms of high efficient water uptake and conductivity compensation effect of cotton root system with limited drip irrigation for achieving higher yield. Physiological mechanism of root growth and its distribution on the effects of dry matter distribution and water use efficiency was revealed. The characteristic of root quantification index in different growth stage and regulation technologies are proposed under high-yield and high water use efficiency condition. The results can provide the theoretical basis and for physiological indices further excavation of root biology potential to improve cotton yield under mulch drip irrigation system. Additionally, the results abstained will play an important theoretical and practical role in maintaing cotton production and breeding drought-resistant varieties in Xinjiang.