葡萄座腔菌科属于子囊菌门、座囊菌纲、葡萄座腔菌目，物种分布广、寄主植物种类繁多，有些种可引起许多经济作物的重要病害，个别种被指定为我国的检疫对象。目前在葡萄座腔菌科真菌的系统分类中存在诸多问题，如寄主范围难以确定，属种的划分标准不明确，属种间的系统发育关系有待进一步研究等；因此本项目拟开展我国及南非葡萄座腔菌科真菌的分类及多样性研究，拟通过在中国及南非大量收集葡萄座腔菌科真菌的标本、分离菌种，综合形态特征、寄主范围、营养类型和多基因序列分析等，利用“多相分类”方法确立科学可靠的种属划分标准，发现新的分类单元；通过多基因序列比较分析，构建该科更加完整的分子系统发育树，明确种属之间的系统发育关系，建立更趋于自然分类的葡萄座腔菌科分类系统；通过积累TEF-1a基因的DNA序列段，丰富该科国际DNA条形码的分子鉴定数据库；为进一步开发利用提供丰富的真菌资源，同时为真菌病害的防治提供科学依据。

The Botryosphaeriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales), one of the most important families within Ascomycota, is a cosmopolitan family widely distributed in all non-polar regions in the world. The Botryosphaeriaceae species can cause cankers on a variety of economically and environmentally important forest and fruit trees. Their impact on variety of hosts e.g. Populus, Eucalyptus, pine and rosaceous fruit trees are notorious with some species of Botryosphaeriaceae listed as quarantine pathogen in China, such as Botryosphaeria laricina and B. stevensii, the two names that are not valiid any more, illustrating quarantine vulnerability. More than 2000 Botryosphaeriaceae have been recognized, while less than 4% of these species have been reported in China and in South Africa..The first aim of this project is to survey the distribution and diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae on variety of woody hosts in China and South Africa using “polyphasic” taxonomic methods, e.g. incorporating field collection, macro- and micro- morphological identification, host spectrum, living habitats and trophic types, and to study the taxonomy and systematics of this group, build up a natural taxonomic system of Botryosphaeriaceae, illustrate their diversity and ecological distributions; establish comprehensive phylogenetic tree of Botryosphaeriaceae by adding accuratelly indentified specimens to recently laid foundation for molecular phylogeny of Botryosphaeriaceae and explore the evolutionary relationships among fungi at different ranks (genus and species level)..The second aim is to accumulate a barcoding dataset of Botryosphaeriaceae to contribute to the International Barcode of Life project, and to the Mycobank and GeneBank for easy access to data and accurate and quick identification of these pathogens. The new datasets will be added and records on Botryosphaeriaceae updated in the fungal culture collections in both countries.

葡萄座腔菌科Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & Syd.真菌广泛分布于世界各地,可引起树木溃疡病、叶片和枝条顶端枯死的“回枯”病、花果枯萎、腐烂等多种林木及果树病害。本研究已从我国海南、广东、贵州、江西、福建、云南、山东、河南、北京、河北、黑龙江等省市及南非部分地区收集葡萄座腔菌科真菌标本1000余份，分离菌株700余株，已鉴定出Botryosphaeria、Diplodia、Dothiorella、Endomelanconiopsis、Lasiodiplodia、Microdiplodia、Neodeightonia、Neofusicoccum、Paraconiothyrium、Phaeobotryon、Pseudofusicoccum、Spencermartinsia等12个属30余种，其中Endomelanconiopsis、Neodeightonia、 Pseudofusicoccum等三属为我国新记录属，鉴定并命名Botryosphaeria rosaceae, B. sinensia, Lasiodiplodia chinensis, L. hyalina, Neofusicoccum illicii, N. sinense, Spencermartinsia alpine 和 S. yunnana 等8个新种和多个新记录种；仍有大量的标本及菌种有待鉴定。从世界各地9个标本馆借阅到37份模式标本，对模式标本进行详细描述、拍照及制作图版；从部分模式标本成功提取DNA并对多个基因片段，即：ITS、LSU、Tef1-α和TUB进行了测序。通过比较形态学特征、生境以及系统发育学结果，共保留4个种在该属，分别为B. acerina、B. aterrima、B. berengeriana var. weigeliae和B. mirabile。并从该属排除14个名称，分别将B. cruenta、B. dasylirii、B. hamamelidis、B. wisteriae归入了Neofussicoccum属，B. mucosa归入Neodeightonia属，B. minuscula归入Lasiodiplodia属，B. macrolopha归入Gibberella属，B. ferruginea归入Leptosphaeria。