中文摘要
多壁碳纳米管 (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT) 是目前最常用的纳米材料之一,但是MWCNT可引起实验动物肺癌和间皮瘤发生,对细胞系也可造成癌性损伤。MWCNT的致癌机制尚不明确。课题组前期采用芯片技术检测人间皮瘤细胞和人正常间皮细胞miRNA和mRNA表达谱,在异常表达的miRNA中有11个与Annexin (ANXA) 家族相关。本项目拟首先通过细胞恶性转化和裸鼠成瘤实验进一步证实MWCNT具有致癌性;然后以正常的间皮细胞和MWCNT致恶性转化的间皮细胞为模型,检测5种与ANXA相关miRNA的表达改变,逆转这些异常表达的miRNA,研究其对ANXA信号通路的影响及细胞癌性改变的表现,以阐明异常表达miRNA调控ANXA信号通路在MWCNT致癌中的作用,为进一步明确MWCNT致癌性和致癌机制提供科学依据。
英文摘要
The wide application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has raised serious concerns about their safety on human health and the environment. It has been shown that MWCNT induces pulmonary inflammation, granuloma, fibrosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma in experimental models. Due to its fibrous- or microtube-like structure, genotoxic damage such as chromosomal aberrations, DNA strand breakages and micronuclei were found in cells after MWCNT treatment. However, the associated underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis of MWCNT remain unclear. microRNA (miRNA) are new molecular targets which play fundamental roles in various biological processes through regulation of gene expression at the level of post-transcription. In our previous study, we found 11 miRNA related with Annexin (ANXA) signal pathway significantly changed in mesothelioma cells. In this study, 5 of those aberrantly expressed miRNA will be determined in MWCNT treated Met-5A cells and Met-5A cells after malignant transformed by MWCNT. After transfecting the miRNA mimics or inhibitors, the ANXA genes or protein expression, the EGFR expression and further cellular carcinogenic behaviors such as cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, invasion and DNA damage will be detected. The results of this study will further clarify the miRNA mechanisms of carcinogenesis of MWCNT and provide theoretical basis of its diagnosis and therapy.
结题摘要
多壁碳纳米管 (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT) 是目前最常用的纳米材料之一,在工业制造、纳米技术和生物医学等多个领域得到广泛应用。但是很多体内外研究都发现MWCNT具有明显的致癌作用,毒性甚至比石棉更大,可以诱发肺癌或者间皮瘤发生。然而MWCNT致癌性机制尚未完全明确,miRNA在MWCNT致癌过程中的作用少见报道。本项目首先检测了MWCNT染毒前后Met-5A细胞中5种miRNA(hsa-miR-193a-3p 、hsa-miR-222-3p、hsa-miR-221-3p、hsa-miR-34c-5p、hsa-miR-28-5p)、ANXA1/2/5/6基因及Annexin 1/2/5/6蛋白质的表达变化,其中miR221与ANXA1和Annexin 1的对应关系与预期相符。功能研究发现miR221可以抑制细胞迁移,而Annexin 1促进细胞迁移。同时加入miR221类似物及过表达Annexin 1,可以使细胞迁移状态不发生变化。MWCNT短期染毒时细胞周期和凋亡都受到影响,细胞迁移受到抑制,DNA损伤状况不明显。但是随着时间延长,细胞形状变圆,呈现耐凋亡状态,细胞迁移抑制作用减弱至转为促进迁移,细胞侵袭能力增强,细胞DNA损伤严重。另一方面,我们对MWCNT的致癌性进行进一步分析。使用MWCNT反复染毒Met-5A细胞致使其恶性转化,以MWCNT间断染毒处理人胸膜间皮细胞总计12个月,染毒后再以20%胎牛血清继续培养2个月,细胞生长显著加快,呈现耐凋亡状态;细胞形状变圆,并出现局部叠层生长现象。使用软琼脂集落形成实验验证,细胞具有锚着不依赖性恶性转化特征。经扫描电镜观察发现,细胞核多为不规则型,细胞器结构崩解破坏,胞浆内出现断裂不规则的内质网、核糖体及高尔基体结构和空泡。胞浆内出现大量线粒体,部分线粒体肿胀,线粒体嵴断裂。随后我们对细胞线粒体功能进行检测,发现MWCNT长期染毒后细胞膜电位降低,呼吸链酶活性下降,细胞 ROS 水平升高,促使HIF-1α 累积,线粒体自噬增强,最终线粒体功能下降。综合上述研究结果,我们认为MWCNT具有致癌性,miR221及对应的Annexin1信号通路可能参与其中。项目研究结果为我们进一步探讨MWCNT的致癌性和致癌机制及干预靶点提供科学数据。
