由于缺乏稳定的队列人群，我国关于环境对幼儿认知发育影响的研究大多为横断面研究，因而不能判断不同环境下幼儿个体认知发育的轨迹、增长模式及其与不断变化的家庭环境因素之间的交互作用。主要研究内容为：①开发家庭社会经济状况及家庭养育环境测量的中文量表，获取父母责任心、学习器具、语言环境变化等量化信息；②依据2015年建立的出生队列，采用纵向观测、定期随访的方法监测3-5岁幼儿的体格和认知发育状况；③研究增长轨迹模型，包括增长函数、模型识别等；④通过拟合增长曲线模型和潜变量增长模型，分析已知或未知的家庭环境因素对幼儿体格和认知发育的影响，发现不同家庭和不同特征幼儿特有的认知发育增长模式。本研究旨在探讨幼儿认知发育规律、个体差异及家庭环境因素对幼儿认知发育和健康状况的影响，尤其是急剧的社会变革和高新技术的普及对幼儿认知产生的近期和远期效应，且对预测幼儿乃至其一生的认知和智力表现具有重要的理论意义。

Due to the lack of stable cohorts, most researches examining the effects of environment on children’s cognitive development in China were based on cross-sectional data, which are inadequate to estimate the children’s cognitive development trajectories and patterns on different environments and its interactions among changing home environment. The main research contents include: (1) Developing the Chinese social-economic status and family rearing environment measurement scale, which will be used to acquire parental responsibility, learning materials, language environment changes and other quantitative information; (2) Regularly measuring the physique and cognitive development of children from the 2015 birth cohort aged 3-5 years by longitudinal follow-up; (3) Simulating growth curve model, including growth function selection, model identification and other processes; (4) Estimating the effects of family environment factors (known or unknown) on children’s physique and cognitive development through growth curve model and latent growth model simulation, and exploring the unique cognitive development patterns of children among different individual characteristics and home environments. In this research, we aim to study the characteristics and individual differences of children’s cognitive development, and explore the effects of home environment on children’s cognitive development and health status, especially the short-term and long-term effects of the rapid social change and popularity of modern high science and technologies on the children’s cognitive development which have a great theoretical significance of predicting children’s cognition and intelligence performance in the all life.