稻瘟病抗性周期短是水稻生产中普遍而突出的问题。开展稻瘟病持久抗性分子育种是解决水稻稻瘟病抗性周期短最经济、有效的防治途径。而鉴定稻瘟病广谱抗性基因、深入了解稻瘟病持久抗性分子机制是有效开展稻瘟病持久抗性分子育种的前提和基础。本申请项目联合广东农科院、中国农科院植保所和福建农林大学与国际水稻研究所合作，以2000份多样性国际稻种为材料，分别以700K SNP芯片进行基因型分析，以及在代表不同气候类型的菲律宾、中国广东和吉林设点和选择代表菌株进行稻瘟病抗性评价；以全基因组关联分析大规模精确鉴定稻瘟病抗性相关基因；克隆和功能验证稻瘟病广谱抗性新基因；并研究稻瘟病持久抗性的分子机制。这是国内外最大规模的稻瘟病抗性全基因组关联分析。项目的成功实施，将获得一批新抗源，鉴定出一批稻瘟病抗性基因、特别是广谱抗性新基因，阐明稻瘟病持久抗性分子机制，为下一步水稻稻瘟病持久抗性分子育种的广泛开展奠定基础。

Short-lived span of blast resistance of rice cultivars is a common problem in rice production. Molecular breeding for durable blast resistance is considered as the most economical and effective way for prevention. Whereas, identification of the genes associated with broad-spectrum of blast resistance and understanding the molecular mechanism of durable blast resistance is the pre-requisite and basis for effective breeding for durable blast resistance. In this proposed project, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences will team up the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, and collaborate with International Rice Research Institute to perform genome-wide association study of blast resistance and study of molecular mechanisms of durable blast resistance. The 2000 diverse international rice collection will be used in this study. Evaluation of blast resistance of these lines will be performed in blast nurseries based in Philippines, Guangdong and Jilin of China and by inoculation tests with representative blast isolates. High quality chips with 700 K SNPs will be used for genotyping of these materials. Genome-wide association study will be conducted to identify and fine map the genes associated with blast resistance. The new genes with broad-spectrum of blast resistance will be cloned and subjected to functional confirmation and their mediated signaling transduction pathways will be analyzed. To our knowledge, this is the largest-scale genome-wide association study of blast resistance in rice. With the accomplishment of this project, we will identify new promising blast resistant lines with known genotypes. Numerous genes/QTLs associated with blast resistance, particularly the new genes with broad-spectrum of blast resistance will be identified. The new functional genes with broad-spectrum of blast resistance will be obtained and their mediated signaling transduction pathways will be understood. These results will facilitate molecular breeding for durable blast resistance in rice.