杨树是我国北方重要造林树种之一，但因干旱少雨，杨树常生长不良甚至死亡，经济效益和生态效益受到极大影响，培育适合我国北方干旱地区生长的速生抗旱杨树新品种具有重要的意义。本研究利用杨树派间两个对适应性、干旱抗性差异较大的优良种质美洲黑杨（丹红杨）和小叶杨（内蒙古通辽）作为亲本，建立大样本杂交群体，从全基因组范围内筛选SSR标记，解析杨树派间杂交子代性状分离的遗传机制，构建高密度遗传连锁图谱，对抗旱相关性状进行QTL定位，并对主效QTL区间标记进行加密，发掘控制杨树抗旱主效候选基因，为杨树抗旱分子标记辅助育种服务。通过田间试验，从杂交群体中选育适合我国华北地区生长的具有速生性、抗旱性和适应性均提高的杨树新品种。

Poplar is one of the most important afforestation tree species in northern China. But poplar has poor growth or even die due to drought and rainless environment, and economic and ecological benefit are greatly affected. It is very important to cultivate new drought-tolerant poplar varieties with fast growth which are adaptable in the arid regions of northern China. Populus deltoides CL. ‘Danhong’ and P. simonii, which belong to Aigeiros section and Tacamahaca section, respectively, have significant difference of drought resistance, and could be used as good germplasms for QTL mapping. In this project, ‘Danhong’ as female parent and P. simonii from Tongliao of Inner Mongolia as male parent, a large sample hybrid population was established. Using SSR markers screened from the scope of genome-wide, imply genetic mechanism of morphology separation from inter-section hybrid, construct high density genetic linkage map and carry QTL mapping for drought resistance related traits. Main effect QTL will be increased density to excavate and analyze main effect candidate genes controlling drought-resistant, lay the foundation for molecular marker assisted breeding of drought resistance for Populus. Through field test, new poplar varieties with fast growth, drought resistance and improvement adaptability, will be planted in North China from breeding hybrid populations.