人体组成成分是近年来中国体质人类学研究的重点和热点。目前，仅见少数单一民族的身体组成成分研究报道，未见以语族为单位开展的多民族人体成分的综合性研究。藏缅语族共有17个民族，占中国55个少数民族的近1/3。他们均源于古氐羌人，共同的族源使藏缅语族各族群身体成分存在共性，而这些族群生活在西南地区的高原、平坝、森林、峡谷等相对隔绝的不同地理环境中，形成各自的语言、生活方式及文化习俗，又可导致他们的身体成分出现差异。本项目将体质人类学与文化人类学研究相结合，采用生物电阻抗法首次对藏缅语族各民族身体成分进行测量，并使用双能X 线吸收测量仪对数据进行校正，建立藏缅语族各民族身体组成成分数据库，得出藏缅语族17个民族身体成分的共性以及彼此间的差异，并结合文化人类学各项调查结果，全面、深入分析遗传、环境等因素对人体成分的影响。文化人类学与体质人类学工作者合作开展此项研究，可为今后人类学研究提供借鉴。

Body composition has been a focus research of physical anthropology in recent years. By far, only a few single ethnic body composition research reports have been reported, lacking of comprehensive research of multinational body composition on the basis of language branch. Tibeto-Burman language group includes 17 nationalities, accounted for almost one-third of Chinese 55 ethnic minorities. These nations are born of ancient Di and Qiang. Because of the same origin, nations in Tibeto-Burman language group are alike in body composition. At the same time, on account of different living environment in southwest area, they develop their own languages, life styles and cultures, which lead different nations to different body compositions. Our project combines physical anthropology with cultural anthropology, uses bioelectrical impedance analysis to measure body composition of nations in Tibeto-Burman language group for the first time and uses dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to correct the data. With these measurements, we can develop a database of body composition of nations in Tibeto-Burman language group, and obtain the main similarity and diversity among the 17 nations. Besides, we analyze the factors like heredity, environment, etc. in depth which impact on body composition by combining the results of cultural anthropology. Cultural anthropology and physical anthropology workers cooperate together to carry out this study, which can provide reference for the future study of Anthropology.