中文摘要
孤独症(Autism)又称自闭症,是一种广泛性脑发育障碍性疾病,病因尚未明确,但遗传因素占90%左右,遗传学研究发现孤独症候选基因编码的蛋白质多位于神经突触,功能研究发现孤独症与突触发育、突触连接功能异常相关,但易感基因如何对突触功能、神经发育进行调控,其发生机制仍然不清。在候选基因筛查中,我们发现新的候选基因-编码神经细胞粘附分子NCAM的NCAM1基因与孤独症显著相关。NCAM在突触表达,但导致孤独症的神经环路尚不清,我们对神经粘附分子家族中其他基因进行研究时发现,该基因具有调节神经元突触数量、形态的功能。根据前期的工作基础,我们提出NCAM1可能通过调控神经元突触形态和功能导致孤独症发生的假说,旨在通过分子及细胞水平等研究平台,对NCAM1进行功能研究,证明NCAM1基因功能异常致神经元突触发育缺陷是孤独症重要发病因素之一,对阐明孤独症的发病机制有重要意义,为治疗提供理论依据。
英文摘要
Autism is a childhood-onset pervasive developmental disorder. While the causes of autism abnormalities are still unclear, and it is estimated that the heritability of autism is over 90%.Several genetic studies have also implicated synaptic changes in autism. However, up to now, it remains unknown as to what is the potential functional implication of genes on behavioral abnormalities in autistic children. By case-control association analyses, we found a new candidate gene NCAM1 which was associated with autism. The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM is expressed in both the pre- and post-synaptic membranes. Numerous studies have shown that NCAM regulates synapse formation, maturation, and function. It was observed that another gene which also belonging to neural cell adhesion molecule family regulated the numbers of synaptic and the function. The hypothesis that abnormal synaptic growth association with NCAM1 mutation may increase the risk of having ASD was proposed. The objective of this study is focus on the NCAM1 function by the gene and cell research. We will provide the evidence that NCAM1 is essential for the synaptic growth and contributing to the risk of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in autism,in order to lay the foundation for autism treatment.
结题摘要
项目背景:遗传因素在孤独症发病中起着重要作用,孤独症相关基因多数与突触功能及神经元可塑性相关。由神经细胞黏附分子1 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule1,NCAM1)基因编码的神经细胞黏附分子( Neural cell adhesion molecule,NCAM表达于神经突触前及突触后的细胞膜,参与轴突生长、细胞迁移及突触可塑性等过程,在神经元发育中起重要作用。我们在孤独症候选基因筛查中发现此基因多态性与孤独症发病相关联。旨在通过NCAM1外显子测序筛选功能突变并进行功能研究。项目内容:本课题对39例儿童孤独症患儿进行NCAM1基因外显子测序进一步筛选NCAM1功能性突变。因未筛选到功能性突变,进一步对13例进行全外显子测序。因孤独症是涉及环境和遗传病因的复杂疾病,表观遗传和环境等因素都有可能导致孤独症发生,进一步对突触相关的3个基因(NCAM1、NLGN4、OXTR)进行甲基化检测。重要结果及关键数据:课题组对39例孤独症患者NCAM1基因外显子测序未发现致病性突变,可能与样本数量少相关。对13例全外显子测序1例患者发现MECP2(ChrX:153296516;c.763G>A; p.R255X)杂合突变,仍需要进一步验证。1例发现GAMT基因c.328-1C>T纯合突变,未见文献报道,但该突变可能影响mRNA的剪切。 关于表现遗传学突触相关基因的甲基化检测数据目前仍在统计分析过程中。科学意义:对中国汉族孤独症患者及其家系进行NCAM1基因的突变筛查及相关性分析,有助于了解在中国汉族人群中NCAM1基因的变异与孤独症的关系。但课题组对39例孤独症患者NCAM1基因外显子测序未发现致病性突变,可能与样本数量少相关,仍需补充样本量进一步研究。全外显子测序所发现的突变1例有文献报道,1例突变均未见报道,但可能与孤独症患病相关,但仍需要功能实验进一步验证。
