气-水两生型真菌是一类通常定居在水中的植物残体上，在水下生长，水面产生中空的孢子球体的无性型丝孢菌。其独特的生存环境和产孢特点，在真菌的系统发育与水陆两生进化上具有重要的研究价值；另外，其在低温、缺氧、高H2S的水底能够降解植物残体，在资源筛选方面意义重大；但目前还存在采集、分离培养困难，人工培养难以产孢，有性型缺乏等问题。本项目拟首先通过资源调查和形态分类的方法，摸清我国该类真菌的种类、分布、基质生境、多样性等，探索适宜的分离培养方法，解析孢子体发育形成机制，诱导有性型产生，明确形态分类特征；进一步通过国际交换、借阅标本和菌株，采用多基因序列分析的手段，确定疑难属、种的分类地位，建立有性型与无性型的联系，为适应新的真菌命名法规进行名称修订做准备；最后，结合形态、生态、分子、有性型等特征，阐明系统演化关系，构建趋于自然的分类系统；同时，积累菌株为进一步资源开发利用奠定基础。

Aero-aquatic fungi are a group of anamorphic hyphomycetes, which are generally growing on the plant litters at the bottom of water, producing propagules on water surface. Distinctive habitat and sporulation mode of these fungi show an important value on researching fungal phylogeny and envolution.In addition, the ability of decomposing plant litters of these fungi at the condition of low temperature, anaerobic and high sulfur dioxide concentration, indicate a great significance on resource screening. Presently, it is difficult not only to collect and culture these fungi but also to induce their sporulation on culture media, and also most of their teleomorphs are unknown. This project, firstly, intend the taxonomic investigations on these fungi in China, to clarify their kinds of species, distribution, habitat and diversity etc., to seek after the optimal isolation and cultivation method, to analyse propagules growth and forming mechanism, to induce the production of teleomorph, to clarify morphological characteristics . Further, by international exchange, loaning the specimens and isolates, and multi-gene sequence analyses, the taxonomic position of the questionable genera and species can be clarified, the connection between teleomorph and anamorph can be built. These will adapt to the new fungal nomenclature for name revision. At last, combined with morphology, ecology, molecular data and teleomorph information, phylogeny and evolution relationship of these fungi can be further evaluated, a natural phylogenetic tree can be constructed. At the same time, collected strains can be used for further resource exploitation and application.