两系法杂交稻的应用为水稻生产作出了重大贡献，光敏感雄性不育水稻的发现和利用使两系杂交稻的培育成为可能。光敏不育水稻农垦58S于1973年在湖北发现，具有长日高温不育、短日低温可育的特点，为两系杂交稻育种提供了雄性不育资源。光敏不育水稻农垦58S与多数品种杂交花粉育性表现为两位点遗传，命名为pms1、pms3。本课题组历经28年，克隆了这两个位点，发现它们均为长链非编码RNA。光敏不育水稻为植物长链非编码RNA的研究提供了一个重要切入点。本课题拟在此基础上，从pms1和pms3调控雄性不育的方式与网络、两基因遗传及分子互作等方面进行研究，阐明长链非编码RNA对水稻光敏不育的调控机理，丰富植物雄性不育的理论和非编码RNA的功能，为杂交稻育种雄性不育系的培育提供理论基础和基因标记。

Two-line hybrid rice has made great contribution to rice production, and the discovery and utilization of the photoperiod sensitive male sterility has made it possible for the development of two-line hybrid rice. The original photoperiod sensitive male sterile rice Nongken 58S was found as a spontaneous mutant in Hubei in 1973. This mutant showed male sterility under long-day/high temperature conditions while fertile under short day/low-temperature conditions, providing an ideal germplasm for hybrid rice breeding. Progeny from crosses between Nongken 58S and many rice varieties showed two locus segregation which were named pms1 and pms3. We have been working on this system for 28 years and recently cloned these two loci. We found that both of the loci encode long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), providing a unique opportunity for studying the function of lncRNAs in plants. In this project, we proposed to investigate the genetic and molecular mechanisms by which pms1 and pms3 regulate male fertility, individually and in combination. We anticipate that the results would demonstrate the roles and modes of lncRNAs in male fertility regulation of rice, which would enrich our understanding of male sterility in plants as well as the function of lncRNA in plant development. The results would also be useful for hybrid rice breeding.