多雄多雌的灵长类社会群体的交配体制是“混交”，但经常可见一个性成熟的雄性和一个发情雌性形成临时性、排他性的两性关系，这种关系既不同于一夫一妻的关系，也不同于非性的异性关系，通常称为临时配偶关系（Consortship）。临时配偶关系是介于多配与单配的过渡类型，对阐明灵长类动物繁殖的多样性和复杂性至关重要。本项目以栖息于安徽黄山的野生短尾猴（Macaca Thibetana）为研究对象，通过研究临时配偶关系的形成因素、选择标准、社会关系和交配与繁殖成功，期望回答多雄多雌的社会群体中临时配偶关系的行为策略与繁殖适应。本研究成果有助于阐明短尾猴临时配偶关系的基本特征，探讨一夫一妻单配制的起源与演化，对揭示人类复杂的两性关系也具有重要参考价值。

In polygynandry nonhuman primates with multi-males and multi-females, the mating system is promiscuity. Males have potential chance to access multiple females, and females can also mate with more than one male. However, in real primate society, it is often seen that a mature male and an oestrous female form a temporary, exclusive sexual relationship.This relationship is not only different from monogamy, but also different from the non-sexual intersexual relationship, which has been defined as consortship. Consortship is a transition type between polygynandry and monogramy within the framework of mating system. Therefore, studying on consortship is crucial to clarify the diversity of mating system and complexity of reproductive behavior. In this program, we take free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan, China, and focus on impact factors to form consortship, the criteria of intersexual selection, social relationships within consortship, and the relationship between consortship, mating and reproductive success. We expect to answer behavioral adaptation and evolutionary driving force of consortship in Tibetan macaque groups with multi-male and multi-female. Moreover, this program can demonstrate the fundamental characteristics and adaptive strategies of consortship. It could also provide new insight into discussing of origin and evolution for monogramy. Finally, it could help us to explain the complex intersexual relationship in human society.